People: Harmony of the Gospels

Husband of Drusilla

Heard Paul's defense at the time of his arrest; hoped for a bribe but left Paul in prison for two years (Acts 24)
Procurator of Judea from ≈ 52 – 60 AD

Φηστος – "Festive"

Procurator of Judea ≈ b. 20 – d. 70 AD

Roman

Procurator of Judea after Felix (Acts 24:27) from ≈ 60 – 62 AD
Paul had his final hearing before him; wanted to send Paul to Jerusalem and the Sanhedrin, but Paul appealed to Caesar
Herod Agrippa II and Berenice II came to "salute" him; heard Paul's testimony (Acts 25–26)

גבריאל – "Man of God"

Angel | see also Noah

Appeared to Daniel (Dan. 8:15–17; 9:20–22)
Announced John the Baptist's birth to Zacharias (Luke 1:18–20)
Announced Jesus' birth to Mary (Luke 1:26–27)
Joseph Smith taught that Gabriel was Noah; appeared to him "declaring their dispensation, their rights, their keys, their honors, their majesty and glory, and the power of their priesthood” (see topic)

גד – "Good Fortune"

Patriarch ≈ 1744 – 1620 BC

Israelite: Gadite

Family Tree | Wikipedia | Bible Dictionary-1 | GS

Son of Jacob & Zilpah (Gen. 30:11) | Father of 7 sons | Ancestor of Gadites

גד – "Good Fortune"

Prophet ≈ 1012 BC

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Prophet and friend of David (1 Sam. 22:5)
Wrote a lost book of scripture about David but parts may have been included in the books of Samuel
The Lord sent him to David to choose a punishment for numbering Israel; told David to build an altar (2 Sam. 24:11–19)

גד – "Good Fortune"

One of the Twelve Tribes ≈ 1600 BC – Present

Israelite: Gadite

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Descendants of Gad | Famous people include Elijah

Blessed by Jacob that "a troop shall overcome him: but he shall overcome at the last" (Gen. 49:19); and by Moses that "he dwelleth as a lion, and teareth the arm with the crown of the head, and he provided the first part for himself, because there, in a portion of the lawgiver, was he seated; and he came with the heads of the people, he executed the justice of the Lord, and his judgments with Israel (Deu. 33:20–21)
Territory was east of the Jordan River near Moabite territory (see map)
Joined the Northern Kingdom of Israel after split
Majority carried away captive by Assyrians in 722 BC; one of the "Lost 10 tribes" (2 Kgs. 17)

גמליאל – "Investment of God"

Sanhedrin Leader/Nasi ≈ 30 AD – 50 AD

Israelite: Jew

Son of Simeon ben Hillel | Father of Simeon ben Gamaliel

Pharisee and doctor of the law (Acts 5:34)
Leader and Nasi of the Sanhedrin; convinced them to release Peter and John (Acts 5:35–40)
Teacher of Paul (Acts 22:3)

גדליה – "The Lord is Great"

Governor of Judea ≈ 585 – 582 BC

Israelite: Jewish

Son of Ahikam

Appointed governor of Judea by Nebuchadnezzar II (2 Kgs. 25:22)
Assassinated by Ishmael ben Nethaniah at the order of Baalis of Ammon (Jer. 41:2–3)
Jews today celebrate the Fast of Gedalia to lament his assassination; his death ended the autonomy of the Jews following the destruction of the Temple

גוים – "Nation"

Non-Israelites ≈ 1700 BC – Present

Gentile

First used to denote descendants of Japheth (Gen. 10:5) | Famous people who converted or joined the Israelites are Ruth, Rahab, Cornelius, and Jethro

Often designated non-Israelites or nations without the gospel
Israelites commanded to stay separate from them
Jesus and the apostles first preached to the Israelites (Matt. 10:5–6; 15:24); after the Resurrection, Jesus commanded them to go into all nations (Matt 28:19); Peter had a vision and a Roman Cornelius asked to be baptized, marking the beginning of the gospel going to the Gentiles (Acts 10)
Paul was sometimes called the apostle for the Gentiles

גרשון – "To Drive Out"

Patriarch ≈ 1716 BC

Israelite: Levite: Gershonite

Eldest son of Levi (Gen. 46:11 ) | Father of Libni & Shimi (Ex. 6:17) | Ancestor of Gershonites

גרשון – "To Drive Out"

Levitical tribe ≈ 1500 BC – 70 AD

Israelite: Levite: Gershonite

Israelite: Manassite: Abi-ezrite

Descendants of Gershon (Num. 3:25-26) | Famous people include Asaph (1 Chr. 6:39–43)

Responsible for the Tabernacle's outer coverings
Asaph and descendants were Temple musicians (1 Chr. 16:5; Ezra 2:41; Neh. 12:46)

גדעון – "Hewer"

Judge of Israel ≈ b. 1210 – d. 1144 BC

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Younger son of Joash (Judg. 6:11) | Father of Jether, Abimelech II, Jotham, & 67 others

From a poor family in Ophrah (Judg. 6:15)
Angel appeared to him; promised he would save the Israelites from the Midianites; asked the angel for a sign (Judg. 6: 11–24)
Destroyed his father's altar to Baal and his grove; built an altar to the Lord in their place; men of the city wanted to kill him (Judg. 6:24–32)
Led the Manassites, Asherites, Zebulunites, and Naphtalites against the Midianites and Amalekites in Jezreel; the Lord cut down his army to 300 men to show His power; Ephraimites angry they weren't included (Judg. 6:33–8:22)
Israelites wanted him to be king; he declined (Judg. 8:22–23); judged Israel from ≈ 1184 – 1144 BC
Made an ephod of gold that the Israelites worshipped (Judg. 8:24–27)

גדעון – "Hewer"

Nephite Leader and Captain ≈ 145 BC

Israelite: Nephite

Wikipedia | Guide to Scriptures

Enemy of Noah II; tried to kill him; searched the wilderness for Noah's priests; found the men who killed Noah (Mosiah 19)
Reminded Limhi about Noah's priests in the wilderness; created a plan to escape the Lamanites (Mosiah 20, 22)
Taught the people of the church; contented with Nehor who killed him (Alma 1:7–15)

גלעד – "Heap of Testimony"

Patriarch ≈ 1400 BC

Israelite: Manassite: Gileadite

Son of Machir (Num. 26:29) | Grandson of Manasseh | Ancestor of the Gileadites

Brought up "on Joseph's knee" (Gen. 50:23)
Either named for the land of Gilead east of the Jordan River or the land was named after him

אלוהים האב – "Elohim"

Heavenly Father

Father & creator of our spirits (Num. 16:22; Heb. 12:9) | Father of Jesus

Under His direction, Jesus created the earth (Moses 1:33)
Visited Adam & Eve in the Garden of Eden (Gen. 3)
Jesus often prayed to or spoke of Him; reminded Mary and Joseph III that He was to be about His Father's business (Luke 2:49)
Testified of Jesus as a voice from heaven at Jesus' baptism, at the Mount of Transfiguration, and to Jews and Nephites (Matt. 3:17; Mark 9:7; John 12:28–29; 3 Ne. 11:3–7)
Stephen saw Jesus standing on the right hand of God (Acts. 7:55–56); Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon saw the same (D&C 76:20)
Appeared to Joseph Smith in the Sacred Grove (JSH 1:17)

גוג – "Rooftop"

King of Magog ≈ Future AD

Wikipedia | Bible Dictionary-2 | Guide to Scriptures

His battle from the land of Magog will bring in the Second Coming; called the prince of Meshech and Tubal; Gog and Magog will be destroyed (Ezek. 38-39)
Another battle will happen at the end of the Millenium (Rev. 20:7–9)

גלית – "To Uncover"

Giant Warrior ≈ 1020 BC

Canaanite: Philistine

Brother of another giant (2 Sam. 21:19)

Giant from Gath; four or six cubits and a span tall
Challenged Israel to a one-on-one battle twice a day for 40 days; Saul was too afraid; Young David took the challenge and killed him with a slingshot (1 Sam. 17)

Έλληνες – "Steadfast"

Tribe/Group ≈ 300 BC – 70 AD

Israelites: Jewish: with Greek culture

Wikipedia | BD

Greek-speaking Jew
Complained to the apostles that their widows were being neglected; apostles appointed Seven Leaders to help (Acts 6:1–8)

Έλληνες – "Steadfast"

People from Greece ≈ 2200 BC – Present

Greek

Descendants of Javan (Gen. 10:2) | Famous people include Alexander the Great Luke, Timothy, and Titus II

Jesus cast a devil out of Greek woman's daughter (Mark 7:24–30)
A group wished to see Jesus (John 12:20)
"This is the King of the Jews" was written in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew over Jesus' cross (Luke 23:38)
Paul preached that there was no difference to God between them and the Jews (Rom. 10:12; Gal. 3:28); many believed his teachings (Acts 11:20–21; 17:4)

חבקוק – "Mint"

Prophet ≈ 612 BC

Israelite: Levite?

Family Tree | Wikipedia | Bible Dictionary | Guide to Scriptures

Little is known about him; assumed to be a contemporary of Jeremiah and Zephaniah; assumed to be a Temple musician (Hab. 3:19)
Prophesied of Judah's captivity to the Babylonians (Hab. 1)

הדד – "Thunder"

see Baal

הדדעזר – "Hadad is Help"

King of Aram Damascus ≈ 865 – 842 BC

Aramean: Syrian

Family Tree | Wikipedia | Bible Dictionary-2

Besieged Samaria; lost battle against Ahab of Israel; captured; Ahab released him with a treaty (1 Kgs. 20:1–34)
Led a coalition of 11 kings including Ahab against Shalmaneser III of Assyria at the Battle of Qarqar
Ahab and Jehoshaphat of Judah battled against him to recapture Ramoth-Gilead; Ahab was killed (1 Kgs. 22)
Hazael murdered him to become king (2 Kgs. 8:15)

הדסה – "Myrtle"

see Esther

הגר – "Flight"

Matriarch ≈ 1820 BC

Egyptian

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Handmaid of Sarah | Wife-concubine of Abraham (Gen. 16) | Mother of Ishmael | Ancestor of Arabs and Muhammad

From Egypt; tradition states that Pharaoh gave her as a handmaid to Sarah when Sarah and Abraham were in Egypt
Sarah gave her to Abraham as a wife (Gen. 16:1–3); after Hagar conceived, she despised Sarah; Sarah dealt harshly with her; Hagar fled; an angel visited her and prophesied the birth of Ishmael and his greatness; returned and gave birth to Ishmael (Gen. 16)
Mocked Isaac and Sarah at his weaning feast; Sarah sent her and Ishmael (then a teenager) away; Hagar thought they were going to die in the desert; visited again by an angel who showed her water and promised a great nation would descend from her (Gen. 21:9–21)
Found Ishmael a wife from Egypt (Gen. 21:20)

חגי – "Circle"

Prophet ≈ 520 BC

Israelite: Levite

Reprimanded the people for not finishing the Second Temple (Hag. 1); work resumed and it was soon dedicated
Contemporary of Zechariah III (Ezra 5:1)

חם – "Hot"

Patriarch ≈ 2444 BC

Ancestor of Egyptians & Canaanites

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Youngest son of Noah (Gen. 5:29) | Father of Canaan, Cush, Mizraim, & Phut | Wife of Egyptus | Father of Egyptus II | Ancestor of Canaanites and Egyptians

One of eight saved on the ark (Gen. 6–9)
Saw his father's nakedness but didn't cover him; Noah cursed him to be a servant to his brothers (Gen. 9:22–25)
Egypt sometimes called the land of Ham (Ps. 105:23)

חנני – "My Grace"

Prophet ≈ 909 BC

Wikipedia

Father of Jehu

Rebuked Asa of Judah for relying on Benhadad of Syria against the Northern Kingdom instead of the Lord; Asa imprisoned him (2 Chr. 16:7–10)

חנניה – "The Lord is Gracious"

see Shadrach

חנה – "Gracious"

Matriarch ≈ 1100 BC

Israelite: Ephraimite?

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Wife of Elkanah | Mother of Samuel & others (1 Sam. 2:21)

Barren for many years; prayed and fasted for the son at the Tabernacle in Shiloh, promising she'd dedicate her son to the Lord; Eli thought she was drunk; he prophesied that her prayer would be answered (1 Sam. 1)
Gave birth to Samuel; kept him with her until he was weaned; then sent him to the Tabernacle to be raised unto the Lord (1 Sam. 1)
Visited Samuel and brought him a little coat every year during the yearly sacrifice (1 Sam. 2:19); Eli blessed her and Elkanah for their sacrifice; she had 5 more children—3 sons and 2 daughters (1 Sam. 2:20–21)
"Song of Hannah" (1 Sam. 2:1–10)

הרן – "Mountaineer"

Patriarch ≈ 1980 – 1940 BC

Mesopotamian

Family Tree | Wikipedia | Bible Dictionary-1

Son of Terah | Brother of Abraham | Father of Lot, Milcah, & Iscah (probably Sarah)

Died young (Gen. 11:26); tradition states he died in a fire because of his idolotry
City possibly named after him where Abraham and family dwelt (Gen. 11:31)

חשמונאים – "Nobles"

Family name of the Maccabees

חזהאל – "God Has Seen"

King of Aram Damascus ≈ 842 – 796 BC

Aramean: Syrian

Father of Benhadad III (2 Kgs. 13:24)

Anointed by Elijah to be king of Syria (1 Kgs. 19:15, 17)
Murdered Hadadezer -Benhadad II to become king (2 Kgs. 8:15)
Battled against Ahaziah of Judah and Jehoram of Israel over Ramoth-gilead; Jehoram was wounded and both kings died soon after (2 Kgs. 8:28–29; 9:14–15)
Tried to conquer Jerusalem; Jehoash of Judah paid him off with Temple treasures (2 Kgs. 12:17–18)
Fought against Jehoahaz II of Israel (2 Kgs. 13:3, 22)

Archeology: the Tel Dan Stele was probably erected by him; mentions killing Jehoram of Israel and Ahaziah of the House of David, which is the earliest extrabiblical mention of David

חבר – "Companions"

see Israelites

Descendants of Eber, from which their name is derived | Ancient Egyptians mention the Habiru, which some consider the same as Hebrews

הילמן – "God is Salvation"

Prophet & Military Leader ≈ 74 – 57 BC

Israelite: Manassite: Nephite

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Son of Alma II (Alma 31:7) | Father of Helaman III

Given records and added to them (Alma 37:1–2, 21; 45–62)
Reestablished the church (Alma 45)
Led the 2,000 stripling warriors into battle (Alma 57)

הילמן – "God is Salvation"

Prophet & Chief Judge ≈ 53 BC

Israelite: Manassite: Nephite

Family Tree | Wikipedia | Guide to Scriptures

Son of Helaman II (Hel. 2:2) | Father of Nephi II & Lehi III

Served as chief judge (Hel. 2:2; 3:20)
Wrote the book of Helaman with Nephi II

Jews who spoke Greek | see Grecians

Ηρωδης – "Wanderer"

King of Judea ≈ b. 72 – d. 4/1BC

Idumaean: Herodian

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Son of Antipater & Cypros I | Husband of Mariamne I (Hasmonean princess) & nine others (see Family Tree) | Father of Herod II Philip, Herod Archelaus, Herod Antipas, Philip I, & others | Ancestor of the Herodian dynasty

Friends with Julius Caesar who made him governor of Judea in 47 BC; named Tetrarch by Mark Antony in 41 BC; appointed king of Judea by the Roman senate and Augustus in ≈ 37 BC; conquered Jerusalem and ordered execution of the Maccabean king Antigonus II; married Antigonus' niece Mariamne I to secure his claim to the throne; later killed her and many in her family including his own sons by her; however he saved his Maccabean grandchildren, including Herodias and Herod Agrippa who he sent to Rome
His ancestors were forced to convert to Judaism under the reign of John Hyrcanus; while he publicly identified as a Jew and tried to appease his people, they still hated him for his brutality and lifestyle
A master builder; rebuilt the Temple and Temple Mount, including the famous Western Wall; built Caesarea with a harbor and aqueduct; rebuilt Samaria; built Masada with a winter palace and swimming pool; many others
Visited by the Wise men looking for Jesus; ordered the deaths of all babies in Bethlehem (Matt. 1:1–20); Joseph III warned by angel to flee with Mary and baby Jesus; stayed in Egypt until after his death (Matt. 1:13–20)
Died at Jericho between 4BC and 1BC; Augustus divided up the kingdom and made Herod Archelaus ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea (Edom); Herod Antipas tetrarch of Galilee and Perea; Philip I tetrarch of the territories east of the Jordan River, and Salome I toparch of Iamnia, Azotus (Ashdod), and Phasaelis.

Ηρωδης – "Wanderer"

Prince of Judea ≈ b.27 BC – d. 33 AD

Son of Herod the Great & Mariamne II | Descendant of Idumaeans and Boethians | First husband of Herodias

Called "Philip" in the gospels even though his brother was Philip the Tetrarch
John the Baptist publicly denounced Herodias for divorcing him, leading to John's death (Mark 6:17–20; Matt. 14:3)
Father of Salome III

Ηρωδης Αγριππα – "Wanderer Cultivated"

King of several provinces ≈ b.11BC – d.44 AD

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Son of Aristobulus IV & Berenice I | Grandson of Herod the Great | Descendant of Idumaeans and Maccabees | Father of Herod Agrippa II, Berenice II, & Drusilla

Born in Caesarea
His grandfather Herod killed most of his family, including his father; sent Agrippa to Rome to spend his childhood with the imperial family; he befriended the future emperors Caligula and Claudius
In Judaea, quarreled often with his uncle Herod Antipas; had Emperor Caligula exile Antipas to Gaul
Caligula appointed him king of Iturea, Trachonitis, Batanea, the Golan Heights, Auranitis, and Paneas in 37 AD; then Galilee and Perea in 40 AD; and Judea, Samaria, and Idumea from 41 – 44 AD
Helped Claudius become Roman Emperor
Executed James and imprisoned Peter around 44 AD (Acts. 12:2–3)
Killed and eaten by worms for not giving God the glory (Acts. 12:20–23)

Ηρωδης Αγριππα – "Wanderer Cultivated"

Last Herodian Ruler ≈ b. 27 – d. 92 AD

Tetrarch of Galilee & Perea ≈ b. 25 BC – d. 40 AD

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Son of Herod Agrippa I & Cypros III | Brother of Berenice II & Drusilla | Descendant of Idumaeans and Maccabees | No known children

Educated in the court of Emperor Claudius
Claudius appointed him king over many of the same provinces of his father ≈ 48–92/100 AD
Heard Paul's defense and testimony after arrest; "Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian" (Acts. 25–26)
In 66 AD tried to avert a Jewish war with Rome; the Jews expelled him and Berenice II from Jerusalem; he sent 2,000 soldiers to the Romans; after the capture of Jerusalem, he returned to Rome
Supplied Josephus with information for his history

Ηρωδης Αντιπας – "Wanderer Against the Father"

Son of Herod the Great & Malthace | Descendant of Idumaeans and Samaritans | Husband of Phasaelis & Herodias (his brother Herod II's wife)

Tetrarch of Galilee & Perea from 6/1 BC – 39 AD
Divorced Phasaelis to marry his niece Herodias;
John the Baptist publicly denounced this marriage; furious, Herodias asked her daughter Salome III to dance for Antipas who agreed to give her anything; when she asked for John's head, he was sorry but killed John anyway (Mark 6:17–20; Matt. 14:1–12)
Called a "fox" by Jesus (Luke 13:32)
Interrogated Jesus before His death, but Jesus "answered him nothing"; mocked Jesus and arrayed him in a "gorgeous robe" for his crucifixion (Luke 23:7–11)
Became friends with Pilate after Jesus' crucifixion (Luke 23:12)
Accused by Herod Agrippa I of conspiracy against Emperor Caligula; exiled to Gaul with Herodias

Ηρωδης Αρχελαος – "Wanderer Chief"

Ethnarch ≈ b. 23 BC – d. 18 AD

Son of Herod the Great & Malthace | Descendant of Idumaeans and Samaritans

Came to power after father's death, but because of his handling of an uprising at the Temple, Caesar Augustus divided up the kingdom; Archelaus ruled half the kingdom as ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, & Idumaea from 4 BC – 6 AD
Hated by the Jews
Joseph III was warned by angel not to return to Judea because of his reign; instead took to Mary and baby Jesus to Nazareth (Matt. 2:22)
Jesus' parable about the rich nobleman might be about him (Luke 19:12–27)
Deposed by Augustus; lived out remainder of life in Gaul; Rome assumed control of Judea with non-Jewish prefects and governors

Ηρωδης – "Wanderer"

Political Party ≈ 1 BC – 100 AD

Herodians

Some were descendants of Herod the Great

Political party who wanted to restore a Herod to the throne (Mark 3:6)

Ηρωδιάς – "Wanderer"

Princess of Judea ≈ b.15 BC – 40 AD

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Daughter of Aristobulus IV & Berenice I | Granddaughter of Herod the Great | Descendant of Idumaeans and Maccabees | Wife of two of her uncles, Herod II & Herod Antipas | Mother of Salome III

John the Baptist publicly denounced her divorce from Herod II to marry Herod Antipas; in retribution, she called for her daughter Salome III to dance for Antipas and win John's head as a prize (Mark 6:17–20; Matt. 14:3)
Her brother Herod Agrippa I accused Antipas of conspiracy against Emperor Caligula; both of them were exiled to Gaul

חזקיה – "The Lord Strengthens"

King of Judah ≈ b. 739/741 – d. 687 BC

Israelite: Judahite

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Son of Ahaz & Abijah III (2 Kgs. 18:2) | Father of Manasseh II | Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:9)

Some claim he is the child Isaiah prophesied being born to a virgin in Isa. 7:14; others claim it was a duel prophesy about him and Jesus; Matthew states clearly Jesus' birth was in fulfillment of the prophecy (Matt. 1:22-23)
Reigned at 25yo for 29 years from ≈ 729 – 687 BC (possible coregency with son and/or father)
He reformed the government and religion with the help of Isaiah; purified Temple worship and reformed the priesthood
Defeated the Philistines
Restored the Passover pilgrimage; invited Ephraim and Manasseh to Jerusalem to celebrate; some from Asher and Zebulun came
Witnessed the destruction of the Northern Kingdom of Israel
Refused to pay tribute to Assyria; Sennacherib of Assyria laid siege to Jerusalem in 701 BC; dug a tunnel to supply Jerusalem with fresh water from the Gihon Springs; 185,000 Assyrians killed with Rabshakeh in one night
One of the most well documented kings in archeology

כהן גדול – "The Great Priest"

Head of the Levitical Priesthood ≈ 1500 BC – 70 AD

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim

Traditionally descendants of Aaron & Elisheba | Famous people include Aaron, Zadok, Hilkiah, Caiaphas, and Annas

First high priests were ordained from Adam down (D&C 107:40–57)
From Aaron until the destruction of the Second Temple, it was a hereditary office that served as leader of the Levitical Priesthood in Judaism (Ex. 28)
When appointed, one was dressed in the priestly garments (see below) and anointed with holy oil
Duties involved overing seeing the Temple, offering sacrifices on Sabbaths, new moons, and festivals, teaching and interpreting the Law of Moses, and being a spiritual leader for the people; they acted as intercessor between God and mankind; they were forbidden from touching a dead body or marrying a widow; had to be married to enter the Holy of Holies
Priestly garments were holy and symbolic; they included an ephod/apron with two stones with the names of the 12 tribes, a white turban with a gold plate inscribed with "Holiness to the Lord", white tunic, blue robe, sash, and finally a breastplate with 12 precious stones representing the 12 tribes of Israel (note: stone colors are used on this website for the tribal colors) and the Urim and Thummim tucked into a fold
The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) was the only day the High Priest was allowed to enter the Holy of Holies in the Tabernacle or Temple; would sprinkle blood on and in front of the Mercy Seat to make an atonement for himself and the people (Lev. 16)
At times the office became corrupted, appointed to the highest bidder, or used to wield unrighteous power; Menelaus in the 2nd century BC was most likely not even Levite
Jesus was called the Great High Priest after the order of Melchizedek (Heb. 4:14, 5:10); Hebrews 7 argues that salvation and the priesthood can't come alone through Aaron because Christ was from Judah; Melchizedek also was before Aaron and was called a High Priest (JST Gen. 14:27; Heb. 7:1)
In Judaism, the office was discontinued after the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD; Samaritans still have High Priests today who claim descendancy from Aaron
The office of High Priest was restored in latter-days to Joseph Smith and is an office in the Melchizedek Priesthood; High Priests are to administer in spiritual things (D&C 107)

חלקיה – "Portion of the Lord"

High Priest ≈ 641 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim

Wikipedia | Bible Dictionary-1

Son of Shallum | Father of Azariah VI & possibly Jeremiah (2 Kgs. 22)

Served during Josiah of Judah's reign
Found a lost copy of the Book of the Law (probably Deuteronomy) in the Temple; showed it to Huldah who prophesied wrath poured out on the Jewish people but peace to Josiah (2 Kgs. 22)
Helped Josiah institute religious reforms (2 Kgs. 23); restored the Passover feast (2 Chr. 35:1–19)

חירם – "High Born"

King of Tyre ≈ 980 – 947 BC

Canaanite: Phoenician: Tyrian

Son of Abibaal | Father of Baal-Eser

Supplied building materials for David's palace and the Temple of Solomon (2 Sam. 5:11; 1 Kgs. 5); was given 20 cities by Solomon in exchange (1 Kgs. 9:11)

חתי | 𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 – "One Who is Broken"

Tribe from Asia Minor ≈ 1650 – 1100 BC

Canaanite: Hittite

Descendants of Heth & Canaan (Gen. 15:20) | Famous people include Uriah

One of the dominant powers in the Near East during the Bronze Age
Often warred against the Egyptians and Assyrians
Mentioned in lists of Canaanite tribes (Ex. 23:28; 34:11)
Abraham purchased the Cave of Machpelah from Ephron the Hittite; Esau married daughters of the Hittites

Member of the Godhead/Trinity

Personage of Spirit
Bears witness of God the Father and Jesus Christ

see Apries

הושע – "Salvation"

Prophet ≈ 750 BC

Wikipedia | Bible Dictionary | GS

Son of Beeri

Prophet for the Northern Kingdom
Prophesied during Jeroboam II's reign (Hosea 1)

הושע – "Salvation"

Last King of Northern Kingdom ≈ 732 – 722 BC

Son of Elah

Advisor of Pekah of Israel; assassinated him during battle against Assyrians (2 Kgs. 15:30); Tiglath-Pileser III installed him as king
Last king of the Northern Kingdom; stopped paying tribute to Assyria and instead sent a message to So (Osorkon IV) of Egypt (2 Kgs. 17:4)
Shalmaneser V and Sargon II besieged and eventually conquered Samaria; took the Northern Kingdom captive; not known if Hoshea was taken or killed

Archeology: In the Calah inscription, Tiglath-Pileser III claims he appointed Hoshea king after Pekah was killed

חלדה – "To Abide"

Prophetess ≈ 622 BC

Israelite: Ephraimite

Wife of Shallum | Tradition states she was a descendant of Joshua

Prophetess during Josiah of Judah's reign (2 Kgs. 22:14)
Authenticated the book of the law
Prophesied of the destruction of Jerusalem and a message from God to Josiah (2 Kgs. 22)

אדו – "Strong"

Prophet ≈ 930 BC

Wikipedia | Jewish Encyclopedia

Mentioned to have written prophesies (2 Chr. 9:29; 13:22)
Probably same as "man of God" in 1 Kgs. 13 who prophesied against Jeroboam

Greek for Edomites

יצחק – "He laughs"

Prophet ≈ 1892 – 1712 BC

Grandfather of Israelites

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Son of Abraham & Sarah | Husband of Rebekah | Father of Jacob & Esau (Gen. 25:20–26) | Ancestor of the Israelites & Jesus (Matt. 1:2)

Born in his parents' old age (Gen. 21:2–3)
Taken by Abraham to Mount Moriah for sacrifice in similitude of Christ (Gen. 22)
Loved Rebekah (Gen. 24)
Prayed for her to conceive in her bareness; she had twins (Gen. 25:21)
Shepherd
Covenanted with the Lord (Gen. 26:1–5)
Said Rebekah was his sister so Abimelech wouldn't kill him (Gen. 26:6–11)
Blind in old age and blessed Jacob over Esau (Gen. 27)
Forbade Jacob from marrying Canaanite (Gen. 28:1)
Lived to 180 years (Gen. 35:28–29)

ישעיה – "Jehovah Saves"

Prophet ≈ 740 – 680 BC

Israelite: Judahite

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Son of Amoz (Isa. 1) | Husband of "the prophetess" (Isa. 8:3) | Father of Shear-Jashub & Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz (Isa. 7:3; 8:4)

Prophesied during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah
Majority of prophecies are about Jesus' first and second coming
Helped Hezekiah with religious reforms
Most quoted prophet in the scriptures; quoted often by Jesus (Luke 4:16–21)

איש־בשת – "Man of Shame"

King of Israel ≈ 1012 –1010 BC

Israelite: Benjamite

Son of Saul & Ahinoam (2 Sam. 2:8)

After Saul and Jonathan's death, the tribe of Judah anointed David king, but Abner anointed Ish-bosheth (2 Sam. 2:8–10)
Killed by Rechab and Baanah who were in turn killed by David in punishment (2 Sam. 4:5–9); David became sole ruler over a united Israel

ישמעאל – "God Heareth"

Patriarch ≈ 1906 – 1769 BC

Part-Egyptian

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Son of Abraham & Hagar (Gen. 16:11–16) | Husband of an Egyptian (Gen. 21:21) | Father of 12 sons | Ancestor of Ishmaelites (Gen. 25:13–18), Arabs, and Muhammad

Sent away after his mother mocked Sarah & Isaac (Gen. 21:9–21)
An archer (Gen. 21:20)
Lived to 137 years old (Gen. 25:17)

ישמעאל – "God Heareth"

Patriarch ≈ 650 – 592 BC

Israelite: Ephraimite

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Father-in-Law of Laman, Lemuel, & Nephi | Descendant of Ephraim

| Ancestor of Lamoni (Alma 17:21)

Joined Lehi's family in the wilderness (1 Ne. 7:2)
Died in Nahom (Arabia) (1 Ne. 16:34)

ישמעאל – "God Heareth"

Tribe/group living in Arabia ≈ 1700 BC

Ishmaelite

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Descendants of Ishmael (who was part Egyptian) (Gen. 21:18)

Group of traders bought Joseph and sold him to Egypt (Gen. 35:27–28)
Paul taught about the children of the bondwoman vs. the children of the free (Gal. 4)

ישראל – "Let God Prevail"

see Jacob or the place

ישראל – "Let God Prevail"

Twelve Tribes of Israel ≈ 1600 BC – Present

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Descendants of Jacob/Israel & his twelve sons | Tribes are Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph (Ephraim, Manasseh), Benjamin

God's covenant people in ancient times and today

יששכר – "Man of Reward"

Patriarch ≈ 1743 BC

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Son of Jacob & Leah (Gen. 30:18) | Father of Tola, Phuvah, Jashub, Shimron, & Issacharites

יששכר – "Man of Reward"

One of the Twelve Tribes ≈ 1600 BC – Present