​+ KETURAH

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KINGDOM OF JUDAH (SOUTHERN KINGDOM)

ממלכת יהודה

KINGDOM OF ISRAEL (NORTHERN KINGDOM)

ממלכת ישראל

Southern Kingdom

≈ 930 - 587 BC

Israelite / Capital in Jerusalem

Family Trees / Descendants of Judah, Benjamin, & some Levi / Famous people include Rehoboam, Isaiah, Hezekiah, Daniel, & Zedekiah

Southern division of the Twelve Tribes of Israel; followed Rehoboam after division (1 Kgs. 12)
Eventually called Jews/Jewish
Overall more righteous than the Northern Kingdom
Became a vassal to Egypt with the death of Josiah; conquered by Babylon
A later Kingdom of Judea emerged during the Hasmonean period

Northern Kingdom

≈ 930 - 721 BC

Israelite / Capital in Samaria

Family Trees / Descendants of Reuben, Simeon?, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Ephraim, & Manasseh with some Levi / Famous people include Jeroboam, Elijah, and Ahab

Ten tribes after the division of the Twelve Tribes of Israel; the northern tribes followed Jeroboam (1 Kgs. 12)
Majority carried away captive by Assyrians in 722 BC; became the "Lost 10 tribes" (2 Kgs. 17)

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KOHATH

קהת – "Obedient"

KOHATHITES

קהת – "Obedient"

Priest

≈ 1714 – 1581 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohathite

Family Tree / Son of Levi (Gen. 46:11) / Father of Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel (Ex. 6:18), & Kohathites / Grandfather of Moses

Lived to 133 years old (Ex. 6:18)

Tribe of Priests

≈ 1500 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohathite

Family Tree / Descendants of Kohath (Num. 3:21) / Famous people include Aaron, John the Baptist, and the Kohanim-High Priests

In charge of the Ark of the Covenant, menorah, altars, and Table of Shewbread in the Tabernacle (Num. 3:31)

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KOHEN (COHEN, KOHANIM, AARONITES)

כהן – "Priest"

Priests

≈ 1500 BC – 70 AD

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim

Descendants of Aaron & Elisheba / Famous people include Aaron, Eleazar, John the Baptist, the Maccabees, and High Priests

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-4

Performed the Temple sacrificial offerings (Lev. 21)
One kohen was chosen to serve as High Priest, typically passed from father to son
During David's reign, 24 divisions were created for service in the temple (1 Chr. 24); Zacharias II, father of John the Baptist was in the 8th course of Abijah (Luke 1:5)

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KORAH II

קרח – "Baldness"

KORAHITES (KORATHITES)

קרח – "Baldness"

Priest

≈ 1600 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohathite

Family Tree / Son of Izhar (Ex. 6:21) / Cousin of Moses / Father of Assir, Elkanah, & Abiasaph / Ancestor of Korahites / Ancestor of Samuel

Led rebellion with Dathan and Abiram of the Reubenites against Moses and Aaron; swallowed up by the earth; those who didn't like what happened to them were smitten with a plague (Num. 16); not all of his children died (Num. 26:11)

Musicians or Porters of Temple

≈ 1600 BC

Israelite: Levite: Korahite

Family Tree / Descendants of Korah II / Famous people include Samuel (1 Chr. 6:22. 28)

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-4

Levitical singers; some psalms attributed to them (2 Chr. 20:19; Ps. 42, 44–49, 84–85, 87–88)
Porters in the Temple (1 Chr. 9:17–19)

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LABAN †

לבן – "White"

LABAN II

לבן – "White"

Patriarch

≈ 1930 BC

Syrian (Gen. 31:20) / From Haran

Family Tree / Son of Bethuel / Brother of Rebekah / Father of Leah and Rachel / Father-in-law of Jacob / Ancestor of Jesus

Helped with negotiations of Rebekah's marriage to Isaac (Gen. 24:29–60)
Rebekah sent Jacob to visit after Esau's fury; Jacob lived with him for 20 years (Gen. 27:43)
Bartered with Jacob for daughters and provisions (Gen. 29–30)
Pursued Jacob after he fled; made a covenant in Gilead (Gen. 31)

Keeper of Brass Plates

≈ 606 BC

Israelite: Josephite / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Descendant of Joseph & Asenath (1 Ne. 5:16)

Kept the record of the Jews/brass plates and genealogy of Lehi (1 Ne. 3:3)
Refused to give Nephi and brothers the brass plates; tried to kill them (1 Ne. 3)
Killed by Nephi; his servant Zoram went with Lehi's family to the Promised Land (1 Ne. 4)
Nephi kept his sword and used it to make other weapons to protect his people; later kings also used it; the latter-day Three Witnesses were promised they would see it (Jacob 1:10; WoM 1:13; D&C 17:1)

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LAMAN

למן – "To Be Loyal"

LAMANITES

למן – "To Be Loyal"

Father of Lamanites

≈ 606 BC

Israelite: Manassite: Lamanite / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Eldest son of Lehi & Sariah (1 Ne. 2:5) / Husband of daughter of Ishmael II / Ancestor of the Lamanites

Tried with brothers to obtain the brass plates from Laban II (1 Ne. 3)
Rebelled often against Lehi and Nephi; beat Nephi and Sam with a rod before an angel stopped him; later bound Nephi with cords
Didn't eat the fruit of the tree of life (1 Ne. 8)
Traveled with family to the Promised Land

Tribe/group in the Americas

≈ 580 BC

Israelite: Lamanite

Family Tree / Descendants of Laman, Lemuel, & others (2 Ne. 5:14) / Famous people include Lamoni, the Anti-Nephi-Lehies, and Samuel the Lamanite

Israelite: Ephraimite: Lamanite : Anti-Nephi-Lehite

Often fought against the Nephites and rebelled against the gospel
Many joined the gospel before Christ's birth and were more righteous than the Nephites
Killed off all the Nephites
Before Second Coming, they will "blossom as the rose" (D&C 49:24)

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LAMONI ♦

למני – "To Be Loyal"

King of Lamanites

≈ 90 BC

Family Tree / Son of the king over all the land (Alma 20:8) / Brother of Anti-Nephi-Lehi (Alma 24:5) / Descendant of Ishmael II (Alma 17:21)

King in the Land of Ishmael (Alma 17:19–20)
Ammon III saved his flocks; taught him the gospel; fell to the earth as if dead; he and his household converted (Alma 17–19)
Offered one of his daughters to Ammon III
Went with Ammon III to find brothers in Middoni; met with Lamoni's father who was hostile; helped secure release of Ammon III's brothers (Alma 20)
Built synagogues; his people converted (Alma 21:20–23)

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LAZARUS

אלעזר (Eleazar) / Λαζαρος – "God Has Helped"

≈ 33 AD

Israelite: Jewish / From Bethany

Brother of Martha & Mary II

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures

Possibly same Lazarus as mentioned in the parable with the rich man (Luke 16:1–31)
Raised from the dead by Jesus (John 11)
At the dinner where Mary II anointed Jesus; chief priests conspired to put him to death because of the miracle (John 12:1–11)

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+ LEAH †

לאה – "Wearied"

Matriarch

≈ 1775 BC

Israelite / Born in Haran / Died in Canaan

Family Tree / Daughter of Laban (Gen. 29:16) / First wife of Jacob (Gen. 29:25) / Mother of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, & Dinah

Married Jacob instead of Rachel because of her father's scheme (Gen. 29)
Hoped that bearing children would increase Jacob's affection for her; after first four sons, gave Jacob Zilpah as a wife
Buried in the Cave of Machpelah with Abraham and Sarah (Gen. 49:31)

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LEHI Ω

לחי – "Jawbone"

≈ 606 – 570 BC

Israelite: Manassite (Alma 10:3) / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Husband of Sariah (1 Ne. 1:5) / Father of Laman, Lemuel, Sam, Nephi, Jacob II, Joseph II, & daughters

Called to preach repentance in Jerusalem; rejected (1 Ne. 1:18–20)
Knew and wrote using reformed Egyptian (1 Ne. 1:2–3; Morm. 9:32–33)
Had many visions (1 Ne. 1; 8)
Contemporary of Jeremiah; knew he was in prison (1 Ne. 5:13; 7:14)
Left Jerusalem with family; traveled south to the Red Sea; lived in a tent; found the Liahona; eventually sailed to the Promised Land (1 Ne. 2–18)
Prophesied of the Babylonian captivity (1 Ne. 10; 2 Ne. 1)
Blessed his sons before his death (2 Ne. 1–4)
Joseph Smith translated the Book of Lehi first; after loss of 116 pages, he translated other parts of the gold plates

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LEHI II

לחי – "Jawbone"

Military commander

≈ 74 BC

Israelite: Nephite

Trapped the Lamanite army (Alma 43:35)
One of Moroni's chief captains (Alma 53:2); Lamanites feared him (Alma 49:16–17)

LEHI III

לחי – "Jawbone"

Missionary

≈ 45 BC

Wikipedia / Guide for Scriptures

Family Tree / Youngest son of Helaman II (Hel. 3:21) / Brother of Nephi II

Preached the gospel; converted 8,000 Lamanites (Hel. 4:14; 5)
Imprisoned with Nephi II and freed (Hel. 5:20–25)
Spoke with angels (Hel. 5)

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LEMUEL

למואל – "Devoted to God"

Patriarch

≈ 606 BC

Israelite: Manassite : Lamanite / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Second son of Lehi & Sariah (1 Ne. 2:5) / Husband of daughter of Ishmael II / Ancestor of the Lamanites

Rebelled often against Lehi and Nephi; beat Nephi and Sam with a rod before an angel stopped him; later bound Nephi with cords
Followed Laman's lead (1 Ne. 3:28)

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LEVI

לוי – "Joined"

Patriarch

≈ 1746 – 1609 BC

Israelite: Levite / Born in Haran / Lived in Canaan / Died in Egypt

Family Tree / Third son of Jacob & Leah (Gen. 29:34) / Father of Gershon, Kohath, Merari, & Jochebed / Ancestor of Levites

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures

Joined with Simeon in killing the Shechemites to save their sister Dinah (Gen. 34:25); Jacob condemned them, called them "instruments of cruelty" (Gen. 49:5)
Lived to be 137 years old (Ex. 6:16)

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LEVITES (TRIBE OF LEVI)

לוי – "Joined"

One of Twelve Tribes

≈ 1600 BC – Present

Israelite: Levite / Unlike other tribes, they received no tribal territory but were given 48 cities spread throughout Israel

Family Tree / Descendants of Levi / Divided into Gershonites, Kohathites, Merarites, & Kohanim/Aaronites / Famous people include Aaron, the High Priests, Moses, Samuel, Jeremiah, and John the Baptist

Dedicated to the service of the Lord, given to Him in place of the firstborn (Num. 8); ministered in Israel's holy spaces (Num. 1:47–54)
Blessed by Jacob that "I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel" (Gen. 49:7); and by Moses that "Let thy Thummim and thy Urim be with thy holy one...They shall teach Jacob thy judgments, and Israel thy law: they shall put incense before thee, and whole burnt sacrifice upon thine altar. Bless, Lord, his substance, and accept the work of his hands: smite through the loins of them that rise against him, and of them that hate him, that they rise not again" (Deu. 33:8-11)
Supported by the tithes and offerings of Israel
When John the Baptist restored the priesthood to Joseph Smith, he mentioned that "this shall never be taken again from the earth, until the sons of Levi do offer again an offering unto the Lord in righteousness (D&C 13:1)
The Lord will purify the sons of Levi (D&C 128:39)

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King of Nephites

≈ 130 BC

Israelite: Nephite

Family Tree / Son of Noah II (Mosiah 19:16)

Made king by the people; in bondage to the Lamanites; blamed for kidnapping Lamanite daughters
Imprisoned Ammon II and companions until they explained
Showed Ammon II the 24 Jaredite plates and asked about translation; gave to Mosiah II (Mosiah 8; 28:11)
Escaped with the help of Gideon II and Ammon II
Taught and baptized by Alma

LIMHI ♦

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LOT †

לוט – "Covering"

+ LOT'S WIFE †

Patriarch

≈ 1950 BC

Ancestor of Ammonites & Moabites

Family Tree / Son of Haran / Nephew of Abraham / Husband of Lot's wife / Father of Daughters, Ben-Ammi, & Moab / Ancestor of Jesus

Left Ur of Chaldees with family to move to Haran and Canaan (Gen. 11:27, 31; 12:4–5)
Separated from Abraham and lived in Sodom (Gen. 13:5–13)
Rescued by Abraham (Gen. 14:12–16)
Warned by two angels to flee Sodom before it was destroyed; wife turned to pillar of salt (Gen. 19); daughters became pregnant by him (Gen. 19:30–38)
Jesus recounted story in Second Coming Discourse (Luke 17:29, 32)

Matriarch

≈ 1893 BC

Ancestor of Ammonites & Moabites

Family Tree / Wife of Lot / Mother of Daughters / Ancestor of Jesus

Turned to pillar of salt when fleeing Sodom (Gen. 19:26)
Jesus recounted story in Second Coming Discourse (Luke 17:29, 32)

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LUCIFER

Εωσφορος – "Shining One" or "Son of the Morning"

see Satan (D&C 76:26–27)

LUKE

Λουκας – "Light"

Physician

≈ 40 – 80 AD

Greek / From Antioch

Physician (Col.4:14)
Mission companion of Paul (Acts 16:10; 2 Tim. 4:11)
Wrote the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles to Theophilus
Tradition states he died a martyr

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MACCABEES (HASMONEANS)

מכבים

Leaders of the Hasmoneans

≈ 170 – 37 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim: Jehoiarib

Family Tree / Descendants of Aaron & Elisheba

Fought to gain independence of Judea from the Seleucid Empire
Reestablished the Jewish religion and rededicated the Temple, celebrated today as Hanukkah (1 & 2 Macc.)

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MAGI

μάγοι – "Wise Men"

see The Wise Men

MAGOG

מגוג – "Place of Gog"

Patriarch and/or tribe

≈ 2200 BC

Son of Japheth / Ancestor of Scythians

Their king, Gog, will fight in battle before the Second Coming (Ezek. 38-39)
Another battle will be at the end of the Millenium (Rev. 20)

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MAHONRI MORIANCUMER

see Brother of Jared

MALACHI Ω

מלאכי – "My Messenger"

≈ 420 BC

Israelite: Zebulunite

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2

Last prophet in the Old Testament; name might be a title "the messenger"; some claim it is Ezra

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MANASSEH

מנשה – "Forgetting"

MANASSEH II †♦

מנשה – "Forgetting"

Patriarch

≈ 1709 BC

Israelite: Manassite / From Egypt

Family Tree / Oldest son of Joseph & Asenath (Gen. 41:51) / Grandson of Jacob / Father of Machir & Ashriel / Ancestor of Manassites

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide of Scriptures

Adopted by Jacob as his own son (Gen. 48)
Supposed to have the birthright of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but Jacob gave it to his younger brother Ephraim (Gen. 48)
His grandchildren were brought up on Joseph's knee (Gen. 50:23)

King of Judah

≈ b. 709 – d. 643 BC (reigned 687 – 643 BC)

Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Eldest son of Hezekiah & Hephzibah / Husband of Meshullemeth / Father of Amon / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:10)

Reigned at 12yo for 55 years
Mostly wicked king; created altars for Baal and groves, including in the Temple (2 Kgs. 21); Jeremiah prophesied destruction to the people and Jerusalem because of it (Jer. 15:4)
Sacrificed his children in fire in the Valley of Hinnom -Gehenna (2 Kgs. 21:6; 2 Chr. 33:6)
Shed much innocent blood "till he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another" (2 Kgs. 21:16); tradition states he executed Isaiah, sawing him in half
Named in extra-biblical sources as loyal vassal to Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal; one of them later captured him and carried him to Babylon; humbled he prayed and was released; removed the idols and repaired the altar of the Lord (2 Chr. 33:10–13)

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MANASSITES (TRIBE OF MANASSEH)

מנשה – "Forgetting"

One of the Twelve Tribes

≈ 1600 BC – Present

Israelite: Manassite / Territory was split, half east of the Jordan River, and half west, including cities like Shechem, Megiddo, all the way to the Mediterranean Sea (see map)

Family Tree / Descendants of Manasseh / Famous people include Gilead, Gideon, Lehi, and the Nephites (Alma 10:3)

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures

Blessed by Jacob to grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth (Gen. 48:16) and by Moses that they would be fruitful and their "glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh" (Deu. 33:13–17)
Helped Gideon defeat the Midianites (Judg. 6:35–8:21)
Joined the Northern Kingdom of Israel
Some worshipped at Hezekiah's Passover (2 Chr. 30:10–18)
Majority carried away captive by Assyrians in 732 and 722 BC; one of the "Lost 10 tribes" (2 Kgs. 17)
Lehi's family left Jerusalem and sailed to Americas to become the Nephites (Alma 10:3)
Some today claim descent: the Samaritans and the Bnei Menashe, an Indian Jewish group

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MARK (JOHN MARK)

Μαρκος – "Hammer"

Writer of the Gospel

≈ b.12 – 68 AD

Israelite: Levite / Tradition says he was from Cyrene, Libya / Lived in Jerusalem

Son of Mary IV (Acts 12:12) / Cousin or nephew of Barnabas (Col. 4:10)

Missionary companion of Paul and Barnabas on first mission (Acts 13) and was often with church leaders
Writer of the Gospel of Mark; written possibly under the direction of Peter (1 Pet. 5:13)
Tradition states he was killed in Alexandria, Egypt after founding the church there

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+ MARTHA

מרתא / Μαρθα – "The Lady"

≈ 32 AD

Israelite: Jewish / From Bethany

Sister of Mary II & Lazarus

Received Jesus and his company; complained to Him that she was busy serving while Mary II sat at His feet listening; He told her Mary "hath chosen that good part" (Luke 10:38–42)
Sent for Jesus when her brother was dying; mourned when Jesus didn't make it back in time; still had faith: "I know, that even now, whatsoever thou wilt ask of God, God will give it to thee"; witnessed the miracle of Lazarus being raised from the dead (John 11)
Served at another supper where Mary II anointed Jesus (John 12:2)

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MARTIN HARRIS Ω

Witness & Apostle

= b.1783 – d.1875 AD

American / From Palmyra NY

Son of Nathan & Rhoda Harris / Husband of Lucy Harris and Caroline Young / Father of 11 children

Lost 116 pages (D&C 3)
Took translation to NYC and Charles Anthon
One of the Three Witnesses (Intro)
Financed the publication of the Book of Mormon
Apostle from 1835 – 1838 AD

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+ MARY †

מרים (Miriam) / Μαρια – "Beloved"

Matriarch

≈ b. 20 BC – d. after 33 AD

Israelite: Judahite / From Nazareth (Luke 1:26)

Family Tree / Daughter of Jacob IV or Heli (see Genealogies); apocryphal writings list parents as Joachim and Anne / Relative of Elisabeth (Luke 1:36) / Wife of Joseph III / Mother of Jesus, Joses, James III, Jude, Simon, & Daughters

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures

Seen in vision by Nephi as "a virgin, most beautiful and fair above all other virgins" (1 Ne. 11:13–20)
Angel Gabriel visited her and told her of Jesus' birth (Luke 1:26–38)
Visited her cousin Elisabeth (Luke 1:39–56)
Married Joseph III (Matt. 1:24)
Traveled to Joseph's ancestral town of Bethlehem for Augustus' census and to pay taxes (Luke 2:1–4)
Gave birth to Jesus in Bethlehem; visited by shepherds (Luke 2)
Took Jesus to the Temple to offer a sacrifice; Anna and Simeon prophesied (Luke 2:21–38)
Visited by the Wise Men; fled with Joseph and baby Jesus to Egypt to escape Herod's wrath; returned to Nazareth after Herod's death (Matt. 2:1–23)
Went to Jerusalem every year for Passover; lost Jesus when He was 12 years old; after 3 days found Him teaching doctors in the Temple (Luke 2:41–52); Joseph was not mentioned again after this event; assumed Mary lived as a widow for some time
Asked Jesus to help at the marriage in Cana (John 2:1–12)
Waited with her children to speak to Jesus, but Jesus said "My mother and brethren are these which hear the word of God, and do it" (Luke 8:19–21)
Stayed at the cross during the Crucifixion; Jesus asked John to care for her (John 19:25–27)
Helped with Jesus' burial (Mark 15:46–47)
Gathered with the apostles after the Resurrection (Acts. 1:12–14)

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+ MARY II

מרים (Miriam) / Μαρια – "Beloved"

≈ 32 AD

Israelite: Jewish / From Bethany

Sister of Martha & Lazarus

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2 / Guide to Scriptures

Sat at Jesus' feet when her sister was busy serving dinner; Jesus told Martha that Mary "hath chosen that good part" (Luke 10:38–42)
Sent for Jesus when her brother was dying; mourned when Jesus didn't make it back in time to heal Lazarus; witnessed the miracle of Lazarus raised from the dead (John 11)
Anointed Jesus' feet with costly ointment and spikenard; Judas Iscariot was upset (John 12:1–8)

+ MARY III

מרים (Miriam) / Μαρια – "Beloved"

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-3

≈ 33 AD

Israelite: Jewish

Family Tree / Sister-relative of Mary (John 19:25) / Wife of Cleopas / Mother of James II and Joses

Followed Jesus and ministered to Him in Galilee (Mark 15:40–43)
At the cross during the Crucifixion (John 19:25); helped with burial (Mark 15:46–47)
On Easter morning, was at the tomb when the stone was rolled away; two angels announced the Savior's resurrection; Jesus appeared to them on the road (Matt. 28:1–10)
Probably one of the women gathered with the apostles after the Resurrection (Acts. 1:12–14)

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+ MARY IV

מרים (Miriam) / Μαρια – "Beloved"

+ MARY MAGDALENE

מרים (Miriam) / Μαρια – "Beloved"

≈ 34 AD

Israelite: Jewish

Mother of Mark

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-4 / Guide to Scriptures

Many gathered at her house to pray for Peter in prison; Peter went to meet the saints (Acts 12)

≈ 31 AD

Israelite: Jewish / From Magdala

Jesus cast out seven devils; followed and ministered to Jesus (Luke 8:1–3)
At the cross during the Crucifixion (John 19:25); helped with burial (Mark 15:46–47)
At the tomb when the stone was rolled away; two angels announced the Savior's resurrection (Matt. 28:1–8)
First person to see the resurrected Lord (John 20:11–18)
Probably one of the women gathered with the apostles after the Resurrection (Acts. 1:12–14)

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MATTANIAH ♦

מתניה – "Gift of God"

see Zedekiah

MATTATHIAS ○

מתתיהו (Matityahu) / Ματταθιας – "Gift of God"

Head of Maccabees/Hasmoneans

≈ 170 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim : Jehoairib / From Modi'in

Family Tree / Son of Johanan / Father of Simon Thassi, Judas Maccabeus, Jonathan Apphus, & others

With his sons, led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucids which led to the rededication of the Temple, celebrated during Hanukkah and eventually Judea's independence (1 Macc.)

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MATTHEW LEVI Ω

מתתיהו / Ματθαιος – "Gift of God"

MATTHIAS (TOLMAI) Ω

מתתיהו / Ματθαιος – "Gift of God"

Apostle

≈ 31 – 68 AD

Israelite: Levite / From Capernaum

Family Tree / Son of Alphaeus

Publican/Tax Collector
Jesus saw him at the receipt of custom and invited him to follow (Matt. 9:9)
Held a feast at his home for Jesus, disciples, other publicans, and "sinners"; Pharisees complained (Matt. 9:10–13)
Ordained as one of the original 12 apostles (Mark 3:14–19)
Author of the Gospel of Matthew; his gospel is unique for its reminders of how Jesus fulfilled Old Testament prophecies
Tradition states he was martyred in Ethiopia around 68 AD

Apostle

≈ 33 – 80 AD

Israelite: Jewish

Family Tree

Followed Jesus from the baptism of John the Baptist (Acts 1:21)
Ordained apostle to replace Judas Iscariot (Acts 1:21–26)
Tradition states he taught the gospel in Cappadocia and around the Caspian Sea

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MELCHIZEDEK (SHEM?) Ω■♦

מלכי־צדק – "King of Righteousness"

Prophet, High Priest, & King

≈ 1908 BC

From Salem-Jerusalem

Family Tree / Family relationships unknown, but many believe he is Shem son of Noah

King of Salem/Jerusalem
Abraham paid tithes to (Gen. 14:18–20; Heb. 7:1–3)
Priesthood is higher than Levitical (Heb. 7); called the "Great High Priest" meaning there were High Priests other than descendants of Aaron (JST Gen. 14:25–40; Alma 13:14–19)
Jesus was called a High Priest after order of (Heb. 5:6, 10)

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MENAHEM ♦

מנחם – "Comforter"

King of Israel

≈ 752 – 742 BC

Israelite: Gadite

Family Tree / Son of Gadi / Father of Pekahiah of Israel

Killed Shallum of Israel and took the throne (2 Kgs. 15:14)
Destroyed Tiphsah and area around Tirzah, brutally killing all the inhabitants (2 Kgs. 15:16)
Heavily taxed his people to pay 1,000 talents of silver tribute to Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria (2 Kgs. 15:18–20)

Archeology: in the Calah Inscription, Tiglath Pileser III says he overwhelmed Menahem "like a snowstorm," and he "fled like a bird, alone, and bowed to my feet. I returned him to his place and imposed tribute on him: gold, silver, linen garments with multi-colored trimmings."

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MENELAUS ■

מנלאוס – "Power of the People"

High Priest

≈ 172 – 162 BC

Israelite: Benjamite or Levite

Family Tree / According to 2 Macc.13 he was a Benjamite who was given the position of high priest as a bribe from the Seleucids; but according to Josephus, he was a Levite, son of Simon II and brother of Onias III & Jason

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2

Outbid Jason for position of High Priest; the two continued to fight for power afterward
Invited Antiochus IV Epiphanes into the Temple in violation of Jewish law; raided the Temple Treasury to pay the Seleucids
Somewhat responsible for the Maccabean Revolt

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MEPHIBOSHETH II (MERIB-BAAL)

מפיבשת – "One Who Destroys Shame"

Prince of Israel

≈ 1010 BC

Israelite: Benjamite

Family Tree / Son of Jonathan (2 Sam. 4:4) / Grandson of Saul

Five years old when father and grandfather were killed; his nurse heard, fled, and dropped him; he became lame (2 Sam. 4:4)
Taken in by David (2 Sam. 9)

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MERARI

מררי – "Bitterness"

MERARITES

מררי – "Bitterness"

Leader

≈ 1710 BC

Israelite: Levite: Merarite

Family Tree / Son of Levi (Gen. 46:11) / Brother of Kohath and Gershon / Father of Mahali and Mushi (Ex. 6:19) / Ancestor of Merarites

Levitical Tribe

≈ 1600 BC

Israelite: Levite: Merarite

Family Tree | Descendants of Merari (Num. 3:21)

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1

Responsible for Tabernacle's structure, pillars, sockets, and surrounding court (Num. 3:36–37)

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MERODACH-BALADAN (MARDUK-APLA-IDDINA II) ♦

מראדך בלאדן / 𒀭𒀫𒌓𒌉𒍑𒋧𒈾 – "Marduk Gives an Heir"

≈ 722 – 710 BC

Made alliance with Hezekiah of Judah against Sargon II and Sennacherib of Assyria
Sent letter to Hezekiah asking about his illness; Hezekiah revealed his wealth; Isaiah prophesied the Babylonian captivity (Isa. 39; 2 Kgs. 20:12–19)
Defeated by Sennacherib of Assyria

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MESHA ♦

𐤌𐤔𐤏 / מישע – "Retreat"

MESHACH (MISHAEL)

מישך – "The Shadow of the Prince"

King of Moab

≈ 870 BC

Moabite

Family Tree / Son of Chemosh-yat

Sheep master; sent thousands of lambs and rams to Ahab of Israel (2 Kgs. 3:4)
Rebelled against Jehoram of Israel who conspired with Jehoshaphat of Judah and the king of Edom; Elisha promised them victory and the Moabites were defeated (2 Kgs. 3)
Offered his son and heir for a burnt offering to Chemosh after their defeat (2 Kgs. 3:27)

Archeology: The Mesha Stele describes how his god Chemosh helped him throw off the yoke of bondage to the Kingdom of Israel and the "House of Omri"; contains one of the earliest extrabiblical references to the Israelite God Jehovah/Yahweh.

Prince of Judah

≈ 605 BC

Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem / Taken to Babylon

Family Tree

Wikipedia / Guide to Scriptures

Friend of Daniel, Shadrach, and Abed-nego (Dan. 1:6)
Hebrew name was Mishael
One of the young royals carried away to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar (Dan. 1:3–4)
Refused the king's meat and wine (Dan. 1:5–17)
Thrown with friends in fiery furnace for not worshiping idol (Dan. 3)

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MESSIAH †Ω■♦

משיח – "Anointed One"

see Jesus Christ

The word is the Greek equivalent of "Christ"

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures

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METHUSELAH †Ω

מתושלח – "Man of a Javelin"

≈ 3313 – 2344 BC

Family Tree / Son of Enoch / Father of Lamech / Ancestor of Jesus (Luke 3:37)

Ordained Noah to the Priesthood (D&C 107:50–53)
Left when the City of Enoch taken to heaven (Moses 8:2-4)
Longest recorded living person at 969 years old (Gen. 5:21–27)

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MICAH Ω

מיכה – "Who is Like God"

MICAIAH Ω

מיכיה – "Who is Like God"

≈ 735 BC

Israelite: Judahite: Morasthite / From Moresheth Gath

Prophesied during the reigns of Jotham II, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, making him a contemporary with Isaiah (Micah 1:1)
Prophesied of the downfall of Samaria and Jerusalem, that Christ would be born in Bethlehem, the gathering of Israel, and a Temple to be built in the last days; prophecy of Jerusalem's destruction quoted by Jeremiah (Jer. 26:18–19)

≈ 855 BC

Israelite: Ephraimite? / From Samaria

Son of Imlah

Ahab of Israel hated him and his prophecies; Jehoshaphat of Judah defended him; he prophesied of Ahab's defeat and death (1 Kgs. 22)

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MICHAEL Ω

מיכאל – "Who is Like God"

Archangel

See Adam

Adam's name in the pre-mortal life (D&C 27:11)
With his angels, fought the dragon (Rev.12:7)
Will stand in the last days as the great prince (Dan. 12:1)
Will gather his armies and fight Satan (D&C 88:112–115)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures

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+ MICHAL

מיכל – "Who is Like God?"

Queen of Israel

≈ 1008 BC

Israelite: Benjamite

Family Tree / Daughter of Saul & Ahinoam (1 Sam. 14:49) / Sister of Jonathan, Merab, Ish-bosheth, and others / Wife of David & Palti

Helped David escape Saul's wrath (1 Sam. 19:12)

Saul married her to Palti when David left; David demanded she be returned to him (2 Sam. 3:13–16)
Loved David but chastised him for dancing when the Ark of the Covenant was transported (2 Sam. 6:14–23)
Never had children (2 Sam. 6:23)

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MIDIAN

מדין – "Strife"

MIDIANITES

מדין – "Strife"

Patriarch

≈ 1750 BC

Midianite

Family Tree / Son of Abraham & Keturah (Gen. 25:2) / Ancestor of Midianites

Tribe/group near the Gulf of Aqaba

≈ 1650 BC

Midianite / From Midian

Family Tree / Descendants of Midian (Gen. 37:8) / Famous people include Jethro and Zipporah

Wikipedia / Jewish Encyclopedia

Israelites destroyed all males and married women (Num. 31)
Gideon defeated them with 300 men (Judg. 6)

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+ MILCAH †

מלכה – "Queen"

Matriarch

≈ 1700 BC

Born in Ur of Chaldees / Moved to Haran (Gen. 11:26–29)

Family Tree / Daughter of Haran / Wife of Nahor II / Mother of Bethuel and seven other sons (Gen. 22:20–22) / Ancestor of Jesus

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+ MIRIAM Ω

מרים – "Exalted"

Prophetess

≈ 1500 BC

Israelite: Levite / From Egypt (probably Goshen)

Family Tree / Daughter of Amram & Jochebed / Sister of Aaron & Moses

Watched over the ark until baby Moses was found by Pharaoh's daughter; suggested Jochebed could nurse him (Ex. 2:1–7)
Led women in song and dance after crossing the Red Sea (Ex. 15:20–21)
Called a prophetess (Ex. 15:20)
Murmured with Aaron against Moses and Ethiopian wife; struck with leprosy (Num. 12:1–15)
Died in Kadesh-barnea (Num. 20:1)

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MISHAEL

מישאל – "Who is Like God"

see Meshach

MIZRAIM

מצרים – "Double Lands"

Patriarch

≈ 2200 BC

Egyptian

Family Tree / Son of Ham (Gen. 10:6–7) / Grandson of Noah / Father of several / Ancestor of Egyptians and Philistines

Name is also a common Hebrew name for Egypt

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MOAB †

מואב – "Who is Your Father?"

MOABITES

מואב – "Who is Your Father?"

Patriarch

≈ 1890 BC

Moabite

Family Tree / Son of Lot and Lot's daughter (Gen. 19:30–38) / Ancestor of Moabites / Ancestor of Jesus through Ruth

Tribe from east of Dead Sea

≈ 1750 – 400 BC

Moabite / From Moab

Family Tree / Descendants of Moab / Famous people include Ruth, Balak, and Mesha

Worshipped the god Chemosh, which involved child sacrifice (2 Kgs. 3:27) /
Often at war with the Israelites
Isaiah prophesied its destruction (Isa. 15)

Archeology: see the Mesha Stele or Moabite Stone

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MOLECH (MILCOM)

מלך – "Sacrifice" or "King"

Fire god of the Ammonites

≈ 1000 BC

Involved child sacrifice by making them "pass through fire" / see Valley of Hinnom

Prohibited by God (Lev. 18:21; 20:1–5)
Solomon built a high place to him on the Mt. of Olives (1 Kgs. 11:7); Josiah of Judah destroyed it (2 Kgs. 23:13)
Ahaz of Judah sacrificed his children in the fire (2 Chr. 28:2–3)
Northern Kingdom of Israel was practicing child sacrifice before the Assyrians captured them (2 Kgs. 17:8–18)
Manasseh of Judah also sacrificed his son (2 Kgs. 21:6)
Jeremiah listed as a reason why Jews were taken captive by Babylonians and Jerusalem was destroyed (Jer. 32–35)

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MORMON II Ω

Prophet & Military General

≈ 311 – 385 AD

Family Tree / Son of Mormon I / Direct descendant of Nephi (Mormon 1:5) / Father of Moroni II

Led the army at 15yo (Morm. 2:1–2)
Asked by Ammaron to take charge of the history of the Nephites (Morm. 1:2–5; 2:17–18)
Abridged the large plates of Nephi which comprises most of the Book of Mormon
Gave the records to his son Moroni II

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MORONI (CAPTAIN MORONI) Ω

MORONI II Ω

Captain of Nephites & Prophet

≈ 100 BC

Israelite: Nephite

Family Tree / Father of Moronihah

Made captain of Nephite army at 25 years old (Alma 43:16)
Raised a title of liberty and inspired Nephites to fight for freedom (Alma 43, 46)
Righteous man of God (Alma 48:11–18)
Asked Pahoran to strengthen Helaman II's army; chastised him for neglect (Alma 59)

≈ 400 AD

Family Tree / Son of Mormon II / Direct descendant of Nephi

Last Nephite prophet; buried the gold plates
Appeared to Joseph Smith as an angel; showed him location of the gold plates (JSH)

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MOSES (MOSHE) Ω

משה / 𓇺𓄟 – "Child From the Water"

≈ 1525 – 1405 BC

Israelite: Levite / From Egypt

Family Tree / Son of Amram & Jochebed / Adopted son of Pharaoh's Daughter / Husband of Zipporah and Ethiopian (possibly same as Zipporah) / Father of Gershom & Eliezer

Mother saved him from Pharaoh's edict to kill Hebrew babies; put him in ark in the Nile; found and raised by Pharaoh's daughter (Ex. 2:1–10)
Killed Egyptian taskmaster for killing a slave; fled to Midian; taken in by Jethro; married Zipporah (Ex. 2:11–21)
Spoke to Jehovah on Mt. Sinai (Ex. 3–4; Moses 1)
With Aaron, asked Pharaoh to let the Israelites go; through series of plagues and the Passover, finally allowed to lead Israelites out of Egypt; parted the Red Sea (Ex 4:27–15:21)
Received the 10 commandments and Law of Moses (Ex. 19–Num. 10:10)
Led the Israelites to Canaan
Lived to 120 years old; shown the Promised Land before his death/translation on Mt. Pisgah/Nebo but not allowed to enter (Deu. 34:1–8)

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MOSIAH Ω♦

משיה – "Deliver"

MOSIAH II Ω♦

משיה – "Deliver"

King of Nephites

≈ 270 BC

Family Tree / Descendant of Nephi (Mosiah 25:13) / Father of Benjamin II

Warned by the Lord to leave the Land of Nephi; joined the people of Zarahemla/Mulekites who were descended from Zedekiah (Omni 1:12–19)
Interpreted a stone that told story of Coriantumr and Jaredites (Omni 1:20–22)

King of Nephites & Prophet

≈ 124 – 91 BC

Family Tree / Son of Benjamin II (Mosiah 1:2) / Descendant of Nephi / Father of Ammon III, Aaron II, Omner, & Himni

Translated 24 gold plates containing Jaredite history (Mosiah 28:17)
Last king of the Nephites before the reign of the judges because none of his sons wanted to reign (Mosiah 29)

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MULEK

מלך – "King"

MULEKITES

מלך – "King"

Prince of Judah

≈ 587 BC

Israelite: Judahite: Mulekite / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Son of Zedekiah of Judah / Ancestor of Mulekites