People: Harmony of the Gospels

Wife of Abraham after the death of Sarah (Gen. 25:1; 1 Chr. 1:32) | Mother of Midian & 5 others (Gen. 25:2–4)

ממלכת יהודה

Southern Kingdom ≈ 930 - 587 BC

Israelite

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Descendants of Judah & Benjamin with some Levi | Famous people include Rehoboam, Isaiah, Hezekiah, Josiah, Daniel, and Zedekiah

Southern division of the Twelve Tribes of Israel; followed Rehoboam after division (1 Kgs. 12)
Eventually called Jews/Jewish
Overall more righteous than the Northern Kingdom
Became a vassal to Egypt with the death of Josiah; conquered by Babylon
A later Kingdom of Judea emerged during the Hasmonean period

ממלכת ישראל

Northern Kingdom ≈ 930 - 721 BC

Israelite

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Descendants of Reuben, Simeon?, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Ephraim, & Manasseh with some Levi | Famous people include Jeroboam, Elijah, and Ahab

Ten tribes after the division of the Twelve Tribes of Israel; the northern tribes followed Jeroboam (1 Kgs. 12)
Majority carried away captive by Assyrians in 722 BC; became the "Lost 10 tribes" (2 Kgs. 17)

קהת – "Obedient"

Priest ≈ 1714 – 1581 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohathite

Middle son of Levi (Gen. 46:11) | Father of Amram, Izhar, Hebron, Uzziel (Ex. 6:18), & Kohathites | Grandfather of Miriam, Aaron, & Moses

Lived to 133 years old (Ex. 6:18)

קהת – "Obedient"

Tribe of Priests ≈ 1500 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohathite

Wikipedia | Guide to Scriptures

Descendants of Kohath (Num. 3:21) |

Famous people include Aaron, John the Baptist, and the Kohanim-High Priests

In charge of the Ark of the Covenant, Menorah, Altars, and Table of Shewbread in the Tabernacle (Num. 3:31)

כהן – "Priest"

Priests/High Priests ≈ 1500 BC – 70 AD

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim

Descendants of Aaron & Elisheba | Famous people include Aaron, Eleazar, John the Baptist, the Maccabees, and High Priests

Performed the Temple sacrificial offerings (Lev. 21)
One kohen was chosen to serve as High Priest
During David's reign, 24 divisions were created for service in the temple (1 Chr. 24); Zacharias II, father of John the Baptist was in the 8th course of Abijah (Luke 1:5)

קרח – "Baldness"

Priest ≈ 1600 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohathite

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Son of Izhar (Ex. 6:21) | Cousin of Moses | Father of Assir, Elkanah, & Abiasaph | Ancestor of Korahites | Ancestor of Samuel

Led rebellion with Dathan and Abiram of the Reubenites against Moses and Aaron; swallowed up by the earth; those who didn't like what happened to them were smitten with a plague (Num. 16)
Children didn't all die (Num. 26:11)

קרח – "Baldness"

Musicians or Porters ≈ 1600 BC

Israelite: Levite: Korahite

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Descendants of Korah II | Famous people include Samuel (1 Chr. 6:22. 28)

Levitical singers; some psalms attributed to them (2 Chr. 20:19; Ps. 42, 44–49, 84–85, 87–88)
Porters in the Temple (1 Chr. 9:17–19)

לבן – "White"

Patriarch ≈ 1930 BC

Syrian (Gen. 31:20)

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Son of Bethuel | Brother of Rebekah | Father of Leah & Rachel | Father-in-law of Jacob | Ancestor of Jesus

Helped with negotiations of Rebekah's marriage to Isaac (Gen. 24:29–60)
Rebekah sent Jacob to visit after Esau's fury; Jacob lived with him for 20 years (Gen. 27:43)
Bartered with Jacob for daughters and provisions (Gen. 29–30)
Pursued Jacob after he fled; made a covenant in Gilead (Gen. 31)

לבן – "White"

Keeper of Brass Plates ≈ 606 BC

Israelite: Josephite

Israelite: Manassite: Lamanite

Descendant of Joseph & Asenath (1 Ne. 5:16)

Kept the record of the Jews/brass plates and genealogy of Lehi (1 Ne. 3:3)
Refused to give Nephi and brothers the brass plates; tried to kill them (1 Ne. 3)
Killed by Nephi; his servant Zoram went with Lehi's family to the Promised Land (1 Ne. 4)
Nephi kept his sword and used it to make other weapons to protect his people; later kings also used it; the latter-day Three Witnesses were promised they would see it (Jacob 1:10; WoM 1:13; D&C 17:1)

למן – "To Be Loyal"

Father of Lamanites ≈ 606 BC

Eldest son of Lehi & Sariah (1 Ne. 2:5) | Husband of daughter of Ishmael II | Ancestor of the Lamanites

Tried with brothers to obtain the brass plates from Laban II (1 Ne. 3)
Rebelled often against Lehi and Nephi; beat Nephi and Sam with a rod before an angel stopped him; later bound Nephi with cords
Didn't eat the fruit of the tree of life (1 Ne. 8)
Traveled with family to the Promised Land

למן – "To Be Loyal"

Tribe/group in the Americas≈ 580 BC

Israelite: Lamanite

Israelite: Ephraimite: Lamanite: Anti-Nephi-Lehite

Descendants of Laman, Lemuel, & others (2 Ne. 5:14) | Famous people include Lamoni, the Anti-Nephi-Lehies, and Samuel the Lamanite

Often fought against the Nephites and rebelled against the gospel
Many joined the gospel before Christ's birth and were more righteous than the Nephites
Killed off all the Nephites
Before Second Coming they will "blossom as the rose" (D&C 49:24)

למני – "To Be Loyal"

King of Lamanites ≈ 90 BC

Son of the king over all the land (Alma 20:8) | Brother of Anti-Nephi-Lehi (Alma 24:5) | Descendant of Ishmael II (Alma 17:21)

King in the Land of Ishmael (Alma 17:19–20)
Ammon III saved his flocks; taught him the gospel; fell to the earth as if dead; he and his household converted (Alma 17–19)
Offered one of his daughters to Ammon III
Went with Ammon III to find brothers in Middoni; met with Lamoni's father who was hostile; helped secure release of Ammon III's brothers (Alma 20)
Built synagogues; his people converted (Alma 21:20–23)

אלעזר (Eleazar) | Λαζαρος – "God Has Helped"

Disciple ≈ 33 AD

Israelite: Jewish

Wikipedia | Bible Dictionary-1 | Guide to Scriptures

Brother of Martha & Mary II

From Bethany
Possibly the subject of parable with rich man (Luke 16:1–31)
Raised from the dead by Jesus (John 11)
At the dinner where Mary II anointed Jesus; chief priests conspired to put him to death because of the miracle (John 12:1–11)

לאה – "Wearied"

Matriarch ≈ 1775 BC

Israelite

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Daughter of Laban (Gen. 29:16) | First wife of Jacob (Gen. 29:25) | Mother of Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, & Dinah

Married Jacob instead of Rachel because of her father's scheme (Gen. 29)
Hoped having children would make her more favorable to Jacob; after first four sons, gave Jacob Zilpah as a wife
Buried in the Cave of Machpelah with Abraham and Sarah (Gen. 49:31)

לחי – "Jawbone"

Prophet ≈ 606 – 570 BC

Israelite: Manassite (Alma 10:3)

Israelite: Manassite: Lamanite

Husband of Sariah (1 Ne. 1:5) | Father of Laman, Lemuel, Sam, Nephi, Jacob II, Joseph II, & daughters

Called to preach repentance in Jerusalem; rejected (1 Ne. 1:18–20)
Knew and wrote in reformed Egyptian (1 Ne. 1:2–3; Morm. 9:32–33)
Had many visions (1 Ne. 1; 8)
Contemporary of Jeremiah; knew he was in prison (1 Ne. 5:13; 7:14)
Left Jerusalem with family; traveled south to the Red Sea; lived in a tent; found the Liahona; eventually sailed to the Promised Land (1 Ne. 2–18)
Prophesied of the Babylonian captivity (1 Ne. 10; 2 Ne. 1)
Blessed his sons before his death (2 Ne. 1–4)
Joseph Smith translated the Book of Lehi first; after loss of 116 pages, he translated other parts of the gold plates

לחי – "Jawbone"

Military commander ≈ 74 BC

Israelite: Nephite

Wikipedia | GS

Trapped the Lamanite army (Alma 43:35)
One of Moroni's chief captains (Alma 53:2); Lamanites feared him (Alma 49:16–17)

לחי – "Jawbone"

Missionary ≈ 45 BC

Israelite: Manassite: Nephite

Family Tree | Wikipedia | GS

Youngest son of Helaman II (Hel. 3:21) | Brother of Nephi II

Preached the gospel; converted 8,000 Lamanites (Hel. 4:14; 5)
Imprisoned with Nephi II and freed (Hel. 5:20–25)
Spoke with angels (Hel. 5)

למואל – "Devoted to God"

Patriarch ≈ 606 BC

Second son of Lehi & Sariah (1 Ne. 2:5) | Husband of daughter of Ishmael II | Ancestor of the Lamanites

Rebelled often against Lehi and Nephi; beat Nephi and Sam with a rod before an angel stopped him; later bound Nephi with cords
Followed Laman's lead (1 Ne. 3:28)

לוי – "Joined"

Patriarch ≈ 1746 – 1609 BC

Israelite: Levite

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Third son of Jacob & Leah (Gen. 29:34) | Father of Gershon, Kohath, Merari, & Jochebed | Ancestor of Levites

Joined with Simeon in killing the Shechemites to save their sister Dinah (Gen. 34:25); Jacob condemned them, called them "instruments of cruelty" (Gen. 49:5)
Lived to be 137 years old (Ex. 6:16)

לוי – "Joined"

One of Twelve Tribes ≈ 1600 BC – Present

Israelite: Levite

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Descendants of Levi | Divided into Gershonites, Kohathites, Merarites, & Kohanim/Aaronites | Famous people include Aaron, the High Priests, Moses, Samuel, Jeremiah, and John the Baptist

Dedicated to the service of the Lord, given to Him in place of the firstborn (Num. 8); ministered in Israel's holy spaces (Num. 1:47–54)
Blessed by Jacob that "I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel" (Gen. 49:7); and by Moses that "Let thy Thummim and thy Urim be with thy holy one...They shall teach Jacob thy judgments, and Israel thy law: they shall put incense before thee, and whole burnt sacrifice upon thine altar. Bless, Lord, his substance, and accept the work of his hands: smite through the loins of them that rise against him, and of them that hate him, that they rise not again" (Deu. 33:8-11)
Instead of a territory like the other tribes, they were given 48 cities throughout the land and were supported off tithing and alms at feast times
When John the Baptist restored the priesthood to Joseph Smith, he mentioned that "this shall never be taken again from the earth, until the sons of Levi do offer again an offering unto the Lord in righteousness (D&C 13:1)
The Lord will purify the sons of Levi (D&C 128:39)

King of Nephites ≈ 130 BC

Israelite: Nephite

Son of Noah II (Mosiah 19:16)

Made king by the people; in bondage to the Lamanites; blamed for kidnapping Lamanite daughters
Imprisoned Ammon II and companions until they explained
Showed Ammon II the 24 Jaredite plates and asked about translation; gave to Mosiah II (Mosiah 8; 28:11)
Escaped with the help of Gideon II and Ammon II
Taught and baptized by Alma

לוט – "Covering"

Patriarch ≈ 1950 BC

Ancestor of Ammonites & Moabites

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Son of Haran | Nephew of Abraham | Husband of wife | Father of Daughters, Ben-Ammi, & Moab | Ancestor of Jesus

Left Ur of Chaldees with family to move to Haran and Canaan (Gen. 11:27, 31; 12:4–5)
Separated from Abraham and lived in Sodom (Gen. 13:5–13)
Rescued by Abraham (Gen. 14:12–16)
Warned by two angels to flee Sodom before it was destroyed; wife turned to pillar of salt (Gen. 19); daughters became pregnant by him (Gen. 19:30–38)
Jesus recounted story in Second Coming Discourse (Luke 17:29, 32)

Matriarch ≈ 1893 BC

Ancestor of Ammonites & Moabites

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Wife of Lot | Mother of Daughters | Ancestor of Jesus

Turned to pillar of salt when fleeing Sodom (Gen. 19:26)
Jesus recounted story in Second Coming Discourse (Luke 17:29, 32)

Εωσφορος – "Shining One" or "Son of the Morning"

Name of Satan before his rebellion (D&C 76:26–27)

Λουκας – "Light"

Physician ≈ 40 – 80 AD

Greek

Physician from Antioch (Col.4:14)
Mission companion of Paul (Acts 16:10; 2 Tim. 4:11)
Wrote the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles to Theophilus
Tradition states he died a martyr

מכבים

Leaders of the Hasmoneans ≈ 170 – 37 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim: Jehoiarib

Descendants of Aaron & Elisheba

Fought to gain independence of Judea from the Seleucid Empire
Reestablished the Jewish religion and rededicated the Temple, celebrated today as Hanukkah (1 & 2 Macc.)

μάγοι – "Wise Men"

see The Wise Men

Bible Dictionary

מגוג – "Place of Gog"

Patriarch and/or tribe ≈ 2200 BC

Son of Japheth | Ancestor of Scythians

Their king, Gog, will fight in battle before the Second Coming (Ezek. 38-39)
Another battle will be at the end of the Millenium (Rev. 20)

see Brother of Jared

מלאכי – "My Messenger"

Prophet ≈ 420 BC

Israelite: Zebulunite

Last prophet in the Old Testament; name might be a title "the messenger"; some claim it is Ezra

מנשה – "Forgetting"

Patriarch ≈ 1709 BC

Israelite: Manassite

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Oldest son of Joseph & Asenath (Gen. 41:51) | Father of Machir & Ashriel | Ancestor of Manassites

Adopted by Jacob as his own son (Gen. 48)
Supposed to have the birthright of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but Jacob gave it to his younger brother Ephraim (Gen. 48)
His grandchildren were brought up on Joseph's knee (Gen. 50:23)

מנשה – "Forgetting"

King of Judah ≈ 687 – 643 BC

Israelite: Judahite

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Eldest son of Hezekiah & Hephzibah | Husband of Meshullemeth | Father of Amon | Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:10)

Reigned at 12yo for 55 years
Mostly wicked king; created altars for Baal and groves, including in the Temple (2 Kgs. 21); Jeremiah prophesied destruction to the people and Jerusalem because of it (Jer. 15:4)
Sacrificed his children in fire in the Valley of Hinnom -Gehenna (2 Kgs. 21:6; 2 Chr. 33:6)
Shed much innocent blood "till he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another" (2 Kgs. 21:16); tradition states he executed Isaiah, sawing him in half
Named in extra-biblical sources as loyal vassal to Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal; one of them later captured him and carried him to Babylon; humbled he prayed and was released; removed the idols and repaired the altar of the Lord (2 Chr. 33:10–13)

מנשה – "Forgetting"

One of the Twelve Tribes ≈ 1600 BC – Present

Israelite: Manassite

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Descendants of Manasseh | Famous people include Gilead, Gideon, Lehi, and the Nephites (Alma 10:3)

Blessed by Jacob to grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth (Gen. 48:16) and by Moses that they would be fruitful and their "glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh" (Deu. 33:13–17)
Territory was split, half east of the Jordan River, and half west, including cities like Shechem, Megiddo, all the way to the Mediterranean Sea (see map)
Helped Gideon defeat the Midianites (Judg. 6:35–8:21)
Joined the Northern Kingdom of Israel
Some worshipped at Hezekiah's Passover (2 Chr. 30:10–18)
Majority carried away captive by Assyrians in 732 and 722 BC; one of the "Lost 10 tribes" (2 Kgs. 17)
Some today claim descent: the Samaritans and the Bnei Menashe, an Indian Jewish group

Μαρκος – "Hammer"

Writer of the Gospel ≈ b.12 – 68 AD

Israelite: Levite

Son of Mary IV (Acts 12:12) | Cousin or nephew of Barnabas (Col. 4:10)

The Coptic tradition says he was from Cyrene, Libya; lived in Jerusalem
Missionary companion of Paul and Barnabas on first mission (Acts 13) and was often with church leaders
Writer of the Gospel of Mark; written possibly under the direction of Peter (1 Pet. 5:13)
Tradition states he was killed in Alexandria, Egypt after founding the church there

מרתא | Μαρθα – "The Lady"

Disciple ≈ 32 AD

Israelite: Jewish