JACOB (ISRAEL) † Ω
יעקב – "One Who Follows" or "Supplanter"
Israelite / Born in Canaan / Lived in Haran / Died in Egypt
Family Tree / Son of Isaac & Rebekah (Gen. 25:24–26) / Younger twin of Esau / Husband of Leah, Rachel, Bilhah, & Zilpah / Father of Israelites & Twelve Tribes: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, Benjamin, & Dinah / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:2)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Purchased the birthright from Esau (Gen. 25:31–34)
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Had a vision of ladder to heaven (Gen. 28)
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Worked for Laban for seven years to marry Rachel; was deceived and given Leah first; worked another seven to marry Rachel (Gen. 29–31)
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The Lord changed his name to Israel (Gen. 32:28)
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Reconciled with Esau (Gen. 32–33)
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Favored Joseph over his brothers; gave him a coat of many colors; mourned when he was lost (Gen. 37)
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Sent older sons to Egypt during a famine where they reunited with Joseph; settled with family in Goshen, Egypt (Gen. 45–48)
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Died at 147yo (Gen. 47:28); buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron (Gen. 49:29–50:13)
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JACOB II
יעקב – "One Who Follows" or "Supplanter"
≈ 590 BC
Israelite: Manassite: Nephite / Born in desert after family left Jerusalem (1 Ne. 18:7)
Family Tree / Son of Lehi & Sariah (1 Ne. 18:7) / Father of Enos II
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Consecrated and ordained by Nephi as a priest and teacher with Joseph II (2 Ne. 5:26; 2 Ne. 6:2)
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Saw the Redeemer in vision (2 Ne. 9:2)
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Kept records after Nephi (Jacob 1:1; 3:14)
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Contended with Sherem (Jacob 7)
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JADDUA ■
ידוע – "Known"
High Priest
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim
Family Tree / Son of Johanan (Neh. 12:11) / Father of Onias I & Manasseh III
Wikipedia
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+ JAEL
יעל – "Ibex Mountain Goat"
Wife of Heber
≈ 1180 BC
Wife of Heber the Kenite / Descendant of Jethro by marriage (Judg. 4:11)
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Sisera, commander of Jabin of Hazor's army, fled a battle against Deborah II, Barak, and the Israelites to Heber's tent because they were at peace (Judg. 4:1–17); Jael welcomed him in; when he was asleep, pounded a tent nail into his temples; told Barak (Judg. 4:21–22)
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JAIRUS
אור / Ιαειρος – "One Giving Light"
Ruler of Synagogue (Mark 5:22)
≈ 30 AD
Israelite: Jewish / From Capernaum
Father of only one daughter who was 12yo (Luke 8:42)
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Sought Jesus for his daughter who was dying; when word came she had died, Jesus told him to "Fear not: believe only"; Jesus raised her from the dead (Mark 5:21–43)
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JAMES Ω
יעקב (Jacob) / Ιακωβος – "One Who Follows"
Israelite: Levite? / From Galilee
Family Tree / Son of Zebedee & Salome II / Brother of John; called the "Sons of Thunder" by Jesus
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures
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Fisherman (Matt. 4:21)
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One of the first disciples of Jesus
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Ordained as one of the original 12 apostles (Mark 3:14–19)
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One of the inner three leaders with Peter and John privileged to be at the Transfiguration, Gethsemane, and other important events (Matt. 17:1–13; Mark 14:33)
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Killed by Herod Agrippa (Acts 12:2); first apostle to be martyred (about 44 AD)
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Appeared with Peter and John to confer the Melchizedek Priesthood on Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery
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JAMES II Ω
יעקב (Jacob) / Ιακωβος – "One Who Follows"
JAMES III
יעקב (Jacob) / Ιακωβος – "One Who Follows"
Family Tree / Son of Alphaeus (possible brother of Matthew) / Son of Cleophas? & Mary III
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2 / Guide to Scriptures
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Known as "James the Less"
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Ordained as one of the original 12 apostles (Mark 3:14–19)
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Tradition states he was stoned to death in Jerusalem in 62 AD
Israelite: Judahite / From Nazareth
Family Tree / Son of Mary & Joseph III / Brother of Jesus (Matt. 13:55)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-3 / Guide to Scriptures
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Known as "James the Just"
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Probably at Cana for miracle of water to wine; afterward went to Capernaum (John 2:12)
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Stood outside house, waiting to speak to Jesus (Matt. 12:46)
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Mentioned as Jesus' brother in His rejection at Nazareth (Matt. 13:55)
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Jesus appeared to him after the resurrection (1 Cor. 15:7)
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Gathered with disciples at Pentecost (Acts 1:14)
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Sided with Peter and Paul at the Jerusalem Conference that Gentiles didn't have to convert to Judaism to become Christians (Acts 15)
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Paul saw him and Peter in Jerusalem (Gal. 1:19, 2:12)
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Served as Bishop of Jerusalem
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Probably wrote the book of James; Joseph Smith read from the epistle which sparked the Restoration
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JAPHETH
יפת – "Expansion"
Patriarch
≈ 2494 BC
Family Tree / Eldest son of Noah (Gen. 5:32) / Father of Magog & others / Ancestor of the Greeks, Anatolians, and other Indo-European peoples
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One of eight people saved on the ark (Gen. 6–9)
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Covered Noah (Gen. 9)
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JAREDITES
ירד – "Descent"
Tribe/group in the Promised Land
Jaredite
Descendants of Jared II & his brother / Famous people include the Brother of Jared, Ether, and Coriantum
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Left Mesopotamia after the Tower of Babel and traveled to the Promised Land in the Americas (Ether 1:33)
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Many prophets were sent to teach them (Ether 7:23–25; 11:12–22)
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Grew to be a large civilization that was destroyed by war
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JASON ■
יהושע (Joshua) / Ιασων – "The Lord Will Save"
High Priest
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim
Family Tree / Son of Simon II / Brother of Onias III (2 Macc.)
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Outbid his brother to be appointed high priest by Antiochus IV Epiphanes
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Introduced Greek customs into Jewish culture and built a gymnasium near Jerusalem
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Menelaus outbid him in 171 BC; tried to retake the position but failed and was forced into exile
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JECONIAH (JEHOIACHIN) †♦
יהויכין – "The Lord Will Establish"
≈ b. 615 – d. after 562 BC (reigned 598 BC for 3 months)
Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem / Died in Babylon
Family Tree / Son of Jehoiakim & Nehushta / Father of eight sons / Grandfather of Zerubbabel (1 Chr. 3:17–19) / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:11)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary
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Became king after his father was killed in Babylon's siege of Jerusalem; Nebuchadnezzar worried he would retaliate so carried him captive to Babylon and put in Zedekiah (his uncle) on the throne (2 Kgs. 24:12–17)
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Released from prison after 37 years by Amel-Marduk (2 Kgs. 25:27–30)
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JEHOAHAZ II ♦
יהואחז – "Jehovah Grasped"
JEHOAHAZ III (SHALLUM III) ♦
יהואחז – "Jehovah Grasped"
Family Tree / Son of Jehu II / Father of Jehoash II (2 Kgs. 10:35)
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Wicked king
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Reigned for 17 years
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Hazael and Benhadad III of Syria fought against him; asked the Lord for help but returned to his old ways after the victory (2 Kgs. 13:1–9)
≈ b. 633 – d. 609 BC (reigned 609 BC for 3 months)
Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem / Died in Egypt
Family Tree / Son of Josiah & Hamutal (daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah) (2 Kgs. 23:30) / Brother of Johanan, Jehoiakim, & Zedekiah
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-4
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Jews made him king after his father's death even though he was a younger son (2 Kgs. 23:30)
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"Did that which was evil"
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Pharaoh Necho II carried him captive to Egypt where he died (2 Kgs. 23:33); replaced him with his half-brother Jehoiakim
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JEHOASH (JOASH I) † ♦
יהואש – "The Lord Has Given"
≈ b. 843 – d. 796 BC (reigned 836 – 796 BC)
Israelite: Judahite / Born and died in Jerusalem
Family Tree / Son of Ahaziah II & Zibiah / Husband of Jehoaddan / Father of Amaziah / Ancestor of Jesus
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-3
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As a child, saved in the Temple from Athaliah's wrath by uncle & aunt Jehoiada & Jehosheba (2 Kgs. 11)
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Reigned at 7 years old (2 Kgs. 11:21–12:1) for 40 years
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"Did that which was right in the sight of the Lord" as long as Jehoiada was alive, even repaired the temple, but later returned to idolatry; didn't take away the high places (2 Kgs. 12: 2–3; 2 Chr. 24)
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Attacked by Hazael of Syria (2 Kgs. 12:17)
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Lived to 47yo; killed by his own servants (2 Chr. 24:25)
JEHOASH II (JOASH II) ♦
יהואש – "The Lord Has Given"
Israelite: Reubenite / From Samaria
Family Tree / Son of Jehoahaz II / Father of Jeroboam II
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-4
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Reigned 16 years (2 Kgs. 13:10)
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"Did that which was evil"
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Wept at Elisha's death (2 Kgs. 13:14–20)
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Warred with Amaziah of Judah and took him captive (2 Kgs. 14:13)
Archeology: Tell al-Rimah Stela mentions Adad-nirari III's victory and "Jehoash the Samarian" paying tribute
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JEHOIADA ■
יהוידע – "Jehovah Knows"
Family Tree / Husband of Jehosheba / Brother-in-law of Ahaziah II of Judah
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary
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With his wife, saved baby Jehoash of Judah in the Temple from Athaliah's wrath until he was old enough to be king (2 Kgs. 11:4–16)
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Helped with religious reform & repairing the Temple (2 Kgs. 11:17)
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Father of Zechariah
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Lived to 130yo (2 Chr. 24:15); buried with the kings of Judah
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JEHOIAKIM (ELIAKIM) † ♦
יהויקים – "Jehovah Raises Up"
≈ b. 632 – d. 598 BC (reigned 609 BC – 598 BC)
Israelite: Judahite / Born and died in Jerusalem
Family Tree / Second son of Josiah & Zebidah (2 Kgs. 23:34,36) / Brother of Johanan, Zedekiah, & Jehoahaz III / Husband of Nehushta / Father of Jeconiah & Zedekiah III / Ancestor of Jesus
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Pharaoh Necho II made him king after carrying away captive Jehoahaz III (2 Kgs. 23:34); changed birth name from Eliakim to Jehoiakim; required heavy taxes
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"Did that which was evil"; rabbinical literature claims he was an evil tyrant and committed the most heinous sins
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When Egypt was defeated by Babylon, he changed alliances to avoid the destruction of Jerusalem; Nebuchadnezzar took Temple goods and princes of the land (Daniel & friends) as tribute (2 Chr. 36:6–8; Dan. 1:1–4)
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He switched allegiance back to Egypt in 601 BC and in 598, Babylon besieged Jerusalem and he was killed
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JEHORAM (JORAM I) ♦
יהורם – "The Lord is Above"
JEHORAM II (JORAM II) †♦
יהורם – "The Lord is Above"
Israelite: Ephraimite
Family Tree / Son of Ahab & Jezebel (2 Kgs. 3:1)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2
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Reigned 12 years
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Removed the pillar of Baal (2 Kgs. 3:2)
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Attacked Mesha of Moab with Jehoshaphat of Judah
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Tried to kill Elisha after Syria attacked Samaria
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Aligned with his nephew Ahaziah of Judah against Hazael (2 Kgs. 8:28–29; 9:14–15)
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Murdered by his general Jehu II after Jehu was anointed to be king by a prophet (2 Kgs. 9)
≈ b. 882 – d. 842 BC (reigned 849 – 842 BC)
Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem
Family Tree / Eldest son of Jehoshaphat / Husband of Athaliah / Son-in-law of Ahab of Israel (2 Chr. 21:6) / Father of Ahaziah II and Jehosheba / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:8)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1
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Reigned at 32yo for 8 years (2 Kgs. 8:16)
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Killed his six brothers to secure his position (2 Chr. 21:2–4)
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Wicked king
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Edomites rebelled against him (2 Chr. 21:8–10)
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Elijah prophesied that God would put a plague on him and Judah for his wickedness (2 Chr. 21:12–15)
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Not buried with the kings of Judah (2 Chr. 21:20)
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JEHOSHAPHAT (JOSAPHAT) † ♦
יהושפט – "Jehovah Governs"
≈ b. 905 – d. 849 BC (reigned 870 – 849 BC)
Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem
Family Tree / Son of Asa & Azubah (1 Kgs. 15:24; 22:42) / Father of Jehoram II & others / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:8)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures
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Mostly righteous king (2 Chr. 20:32–37)
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Reigned at 35yo for 25 years (1 Kgs. 22:42)
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Aligned with Ahab of Israel against Hadadezer of Syria; rebuked by Jehu for helping Ahab (2 Chr. 18–19)
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He and his people pray and fast for deliverance from the Ammonites and Moabites (2 Chr. 20)
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+ JEHOSHEBA (JEHOSHABEATH)
יהושבע – "Jehovah Promised"
Princess of Judah
≈ 835 BC
Family Tree / Daughter of Jehoram II / Wife of Jehoiada
Wikipedia
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With her husband, saved her nephew Jehoash of Judah in the Temple from Athaliah's wrath until he was old enough to reign (2 Kgs. 11:2 )
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JEHOVAH (YAHWEH) ♦
יהוה – "Lord"
God of Israel & the Old Testament
see Jesus
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In the KJV, the name has been denoted with the words "LORD" or "GOD" in all caps
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Jesus is Jehovah (1 Cor. 10:1–4)
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JEHOZADAK ■
יהוצדק – "Jehovah is Righteous"
≈ 587 BC
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim
Family Tree / Son of Seraiah / Father of Joshua II
Wikipedia
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High Priest when Nebuchadnezzar II took the Jews captive to Babylon (1 Chr. 6:14–15)
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JEHU Ω
יהוא – "Jehovah is He"
JEHU II ♦
יהוא – "Jehovah is He"
≈ 909 BC
Israelite
Family Tree / Son of Hanani (1 Kgs. 16:1)
Wikipedia
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Condemned Baasha and posterity for leading Israelites into idolatry (1 Kgs. 16:1–7)
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Rebuked Jehoshaphat for helping Ahab against the Syrians (2 Chr. 19:2–3)
≈ b. 882 – d. 814 BC (reigned 841 – 814 BC)
Family Tree / Son of Jehoshaphat II / Father of Jehoahaz II
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Military commander of Jehoram of Israel; anointed to become king by a prophet at the command of Elisha (2 Kgs. 9)
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Killed Jehoram of Israel and wounded Ahaziah of Judah who died at Megiddo (2 Kgs. 9)
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Commanded Jezebel's eunuch's to throw her out the window; ordered the rest of the "House of Ahab" killed, fulfilling Elijah's prophecy (2 Kgs. 9–10)
Archeology: mentioned on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III paying tribute to Assyria
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JEPHTHAH ○
יפתח – "He Will Open"
Judge of Israel
≈ 1130 BC
Israelite: Manassite / Born in Gilead
Family Tree / Son of Gilead II & a prostitute
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Kicked out by brothers for being illegitimate; lived in Tob
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Judged Israel for six years (Judg. 12:7)
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Prayed for help defeating the Ammonites; made a rash vow that meant killing his daughter and only child (Judg. 11)
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Battled against and killed 42,000 Ephraimites for their refusal to help against the Ammonites (Judg. 12)
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JEREMIAH Ω
ירמיה – "Jehovah Throws"
Israelite: Levite / From Anathoth
Family Tree / Son of Hilkiah (Jer. 1:1)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Ordained to be a prophet in the premortal life (Jer. 1:4–5)
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Prophesied for more than 40 years during the reigns of Josiah and his sons/grandson Jehoahaz III, Jehoiakim, Jeconiah, and Zedekiah until the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon
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Prophesied warnings about the destruction of Judah and Jerusalem
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Possibly mentored by Zephaniah (Jer. 29:29)
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Contemporary of Lehi; brass plates contained some of his prophecies; Lehi knew he was cast into prison (1 Ne. 5:13; 7:14)
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Credited with writing the books of Jeremiah, Lamentations, and possibly Kings with the assistance of his scribe Baruch
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Tradition states he was stoned to death by Jews who had fled to Egypt (Jer. 43:5–6)
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JEROBOAM ♦
ירבעם – "May the People Increase"
JEROBOAM II ♦
ירבעם – "May the People Increase"
Israelite: Ephraimite
Family Tree / Son of Nebat & Zeruah (1 Kgs. 11:26) / Father of Abijah II and Nadab II
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures
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Made a ruler over the "house of Joseph" by Solomon (1 Kgs. 11:28)
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Ahijah prophesied to him about the separation of the northern and southern tribes because of wickedness
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Solomon sought to kill him and he fled to Pharaoh Shishak in Egypt (1 Kgs. 11:29–40)
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Returned to Israel when Rehoboam became king; asked Rehoboam to relieve their taxes; rebelled when the king refused (1 Kgs. 12)
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Ten tribes made him king (1 Kgs. 12:20)
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Reigned 22 years (1 Kgs. 14:20)
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Built Shechem and Penuel; put golden calves in Bethel and Dan so his people wouldn't worship in Jerusalem; made non-Levites priests (1 Kgs. 12:25–33)
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Sent his wife with their ill son to be healed; Ahijah prophesied the son's death and the destruction of the house of Jeroboam (1 Kgs. 14)
Family Tree / Son of Jehoash II (2 Kgs. 13:13) / Father of Zachariah
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2
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Reigned for 41 years during one of the Northern Kingdom's most prosperous time
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JESSE †
ישי – "Jehovah Exists"
Patriarch
≈ 1100 BC
Israelite: Judahite / From Bethlehem
Family Tree / Son of Obed (Ruth 4:17) / Father of David & others / Ancestor of the kings of Judah / Ancestor of Jesus
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Samuel came to his home in Bethlehem to anoint a new king of Israel; made all his sons pass before the prophet before David was chosen (1 Sam. 16)
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Sent David to Saul and later with provisions to the war against the Philistines (1 Sam. 16:20; 17:17)
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Hid with wife in Moab from Saul at David's request (1 Sam. 22:3)
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JESUS CHRIST †Ω■♦
ישוע or Ιησους – "Salvation" / משיח or Χριστος – "Anointed One" or "Sovereign"
King of Kings / The Great High Priest / Jehovah / Messiah
Israelite: Judahite / Born in Bethlehem / Lived in Nazareth
Family Tree / Son of God & Mary / Stepson of Joseph III / Descendant of David & Bathsheba (Luke 1:32) and the kings of Judah / Brother of Joses, James III, Jude, Simon, & sisters (Matt. 13:53–58)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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With God from the beginning; created all things (John 1:1–5)
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The God of the Old Testament (John 8:58; 1 Cor. 10:1–4; D&C 29:1)
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Annunciation to Mary (Luke 1:26–38) and Joseph III (Matt. 1:18–25)
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Born in Bethlehem (Luke 2:1–7); visited by the shepherds; visited the Temple (Luke 2:8–38)
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Visited by the wise men; moved to Egypt to avoid Herod's wrath (Matt. 2:1–23)
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Raised in Nazareth (Matt. 2:23; Luke 2:39–40)
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Taught in the temple at 12yo (Luke 2:41–52)
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Baptized by John the Baptist (Matt. 3:13–17)
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Fasted for forty days and was tempted of Satan (Matt. 4:1–11)
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Taught the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5–7)
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Called and ordained the 12 Apostles (Mark 3:13–19)
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Walked on water (Matt. 14:22–36)
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Transfigured with Moses and Elijah on Mt. Tabor (Matt. 17:1–13)
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Rode triumphantly into Jerusalem as King of Kings (Matt. 21:1–11)
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Ate Last Supper with apostles; instituted the sacrament (Matt. 26:20–30)
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Suffered in Gethsemane (Matt. 26:36–46)
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Crucified on Golgotha (Matt. 27:32–50)
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Resurrected (Matt. 28)
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Restored His gospel in the latter-days (JSH 1)
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Will return to earth to reign as King of Kings and Lord of Lords
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JETHRO (REUEL)
יתרו – "Excellent"
Priest of Midian
≈ 1550 BC
Midianite: Kenite / From Midian
Family Tree / Father of Zipporah & Hobab / Father-in-law of Moses (Ex. 2:21)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary
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After Moses fled Egypt, he dwelt with Jethro and family in Midian; Moses kept his flock (Ex. 2:15–3:1);
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Gave Moses the Melchizedek Priesthood (D&C 84:6)
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After Sinai, Jethro gave Moses his blessing to return to Egypt (Ex. 4:18–20)
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Rejoiced for all the goodness which the Lord had done through Moses in Egypt; offered sacrifice; taught Moses the wisdom of delegation in leadership (Ex. 18)
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JEWS
יהודים (Yehudim) – "Gratitude"
People from Israel
Ethnic and religious grouping / Originally indicated someone from the tribe of Judah or the Southern Kingdom / At the time of Christ, sometimes meant Jewish Leadership / Today indicates someone who practice Judaism or descends from the Israelites
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+ JEZEBEL †
איזבל – "Unexalted"
Queen of Israel
Canaanite: Phoenician: Tyrian / From Tyre
Family Tree / Daughter of Ithobaal of Sidon / Wife of Ahab (1 Kgs. 16:31) / Mother of Ahaziah, Jehoram, & Athaliah / Ancestor of Jesus
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Influenced the Northern Kingdom to worship Baal
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Killed prophets of the Lord (1 Kgs. 18:4,13)
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Tried to kill Elijah (1 Kgs. 19:1–3)
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Killed Naboth the Jezreelite so her husband could have his vineyard; Elijah prophesied of her gruesome death (1 Kgs. 21)
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Killed by two of her own eunuchs at the command of Jehu II of Israel (2 Kgs. 9)
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+ JOANNA
יוחנן / Ιωαννα – "Jehovah is Gracious"
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Ministered to Jesus with other women (Luke 8:3)
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Witnessed the empty tomb (Luke 24:10)
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JOB Ω
איוב – "The Persecuted"
Prophet
≈ 1730 BC
From Uz (Job 1:1)
Family Tree / Possibly same as Jobab, descendant of Esau / Father of seven sons & three daughters (Job 1:2)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Feared God and eschewed evil
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Very wealthy
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Satan claimed he was only righteous because he was so blessed; God allowed Satan to try him
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Lost his children, possessions, and health but remained faithful to God
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+ JOCHEBED
יוכבד – "Jehovah is Impressive"
Matriarch
≈ 1600 BC
Israelite: Levite / From Egypt (probably Goshen)
Family Tree / Daughter of Levi; born in Egypt (Num. 26:58–59) / Wife of Amram (Num. 26:59) / Mother of Miriam, Aaron, & Moses (Ex. 2:1)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary
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Saved Moses from Pharaoh's wrath by putting him in an ark on the Nile (Ex. 2)
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Nursed Moses for Pharoah's daughter until he was weaned (Ex. 2:7–10)
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JOEL II Ω
יואל – "The Lord is God"
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Prophecy was quoted by Peter and the Angel Moroni to Joseph Smith (Joel 2:28–32; Acts 2:17; JSH 1:41)
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JOHANAN II (JONATHAN III) ■
יוחנן – "Jehovah is Gracious"
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim
Family Tree / Son of Joiada (Neh. 12:11) / Father/grandfather of Jaddua
Wikipedia
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JOHN Ω
יוחנן (Johanan) / Ιωαννης – "Jehovah is Gracious"
≈ 30 AD
Israelite: Levite? / From Galilee
Family Tree / Son of Zebedee & Salome II (Mark 1:20) / Brother of James; called the "Sons of Thunder" by Jesus
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Fisherman
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One of the first disciples of Jesus
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Ordained as one of the original 12 apostles (Mark 3:14–19)
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One of the inner three leaders with Peter and James privileged to be at the Transfiguration, Gethsemane, and other important events (Matt. 17:1–13; Mark 14:33)
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Often referred to himself as the "disciple whom Jesus loved"
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Only known apostle at the cross during the Crucifixion; Jesus asked him to care for Mary (John 19:25–27)
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Mary Magdalene told him and Peter of the empty tomb and they ran to see (John 20:2–8)
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Permitted to "tarry" on earth until the Savior's Second Coming (John 21:20–23; D&C 7)
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Author of the Gospel of John, 1–3 John, and Revelation; only one permitted to write the vision of the end of the world (1 Ne. 14:18–27; Ether 4:16)
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Appeared with Peter and James to confer the Melchizedek Priesthood on Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery
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JOHN HYRCANUS ■
Ιωαννης – "Jehovah is Gracious"
High Priest & Prince of Judea
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim: Jehoiarib
Family Tree / Son of Simon Thassi (1 Macc. 16:11)
Wikipedia
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Compelled non-Jews from his military conquests to adopt Jewish customs and in some circumstances, forced their conversion; Herod the Great's ancestors in Idumea converted at that time
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Destroyed the Samaritan Temple on Mt Gerizim in 111 BC
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JOHN THE BAPTIST Ω
יוחנן (Johanan) / Ιωαννης – "Jehovah is Gracious"
Prophet & Priest
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim: Abijah/Abia / From Judea
Family Tree / Son of Zacharias & Elisabeth in their old age (Luke 1:5–80) / Descendant of Eleazar; father belonged to the Abijah/Abia division of Temple service / Cousin of Jesus
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Leaped in his mother's womb when a pregnant Mary visited (Luke 1:39–44)
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Ordained by an angel when 8 days old (D&C 84:28)
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Lived in the Judean Desert surviving on locusts and wild honey and wearing "camel's hair" (Matt. 3:4)
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Called an Elias for preparing the way for Jesus (Matt. 17:11–13)
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Baptized Jesus and many others (Matt: 3:5–6; John 1:24–34)
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His disciples (Andrew) were some of Jesus' first disciples (John 1:35–51)
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Jesus said, "Among those that are born of women there is not a greater prophet" than him (Luke 7:28)
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Imprisoned and beheaded for denouncing Herod Antipas' marriage to Herodias (Matt. 14:1–12)
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Appeared to Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery to restore the Aaronic Priesthood (D&C 13:1)
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JOIADA (JADDUA I) ■
יוידע – "Jehovah Knows"
JOIAKIM ■
יויקים – "The Lord Raises Up"
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim
Family Tree / Son of Eliashib (Neh. 12:10)
Wikipedia
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His son married the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite which led to him being driven from the Temple by Nehemiah (Neh. 13:28)
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JONAH (JONAS) Ω
יונה – "Vexer"
Prophet
≈ 780 BC
Israelite: Zebulunite or Asherite / From Gath-hepher
Family Tree / Son of Amittai
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Prophesied of Jeroboam II's success in restoring lands (2 Kgs. 14:25)
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Called of God to preach to the Assyrians in Nineveh; tried to flee by ship; a tempest nearly destroyed the ship; mariners cast lots and determined Jonah was guilty; told them to toss him overboard; swallowed by a whale; spit out after three days; preached in Nineveh; became angry when the people actually repented (Jonah 1–4)
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Jesus used the "sign of Jonah" as a metaphor for His future death, burial, and resurrection (Matt. 12:38–41)
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JONATHAN
יונתן – "Jehovah Has Given"
JONATHAN III (JOHN II) ■
יונתן – "Jehovah Has Given"
Prince of Israel
Family Tree / Eldest son of Saul & Ahinoam (1 Sam. 13:3) / Father of Mephibosheth II
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2 / Guide to Scriptures
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Smote the Philistines; nearly killed by Saul when he ate honey instead of fasting; people saved him (1 Sam. 14)
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Closest friend of David even though they should have been rivals for the throne; warned David against his father's wrath
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Killed with his father and brothers by the Philistines at Mt Gilboa; bodies fastened to the walls of Beth-shean (1 Sam. 31)
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David cared for his crippled son Mephibosheth II after his death
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim
Family Tree / Son of Annas / Brother-in-law of Caiaphas
Wikipedia
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JONATHAN APPHUS ■
יונתן – "Jehovah Has Given"
Prince of Judea & High Priest
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim: Jehoarib
Family Tree / Youngest son of Mattathias (1 Macc. 2:2-5) / Ancestor of Josephus
Wikipedia
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Battled against the Seleucids
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Appointed high priest by Alexander I Balas; officiated the first time at the Feast of Tabernacles in 152 BC
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Taken hostage and eventually murdered by Diodotus Tryphon
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JOSEPH Ω ○
יוסף – "May He Add"
Israelite: Josephite / Born in Haran / Lived in Canaan / Died in Egypt
Family Tree / Eldest son of Jacob & Rachel (Gen. 30:22–24) / Husband of Asenath (Gen. 41:45) / Father of Ephraim & Manasseh (Gen. 41:50–52) & Josephites
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures
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Obtained the birthright after Reuben sinned (1 Chr. 5:1–2); favored by his father who gave him a coat of many colors (Gen. 37:3)
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Dreamed he would lead his brothers; his brothers hated him and wanted to kill him because of it; Reuben planned to save him but brothers sold him as a slave to Ishmaelites (Gen. 37)
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Sold into Egypt as a slave at 17yo; worked for Potiphar until his wife tried to seduce him; thrown in prison for refusing her (Gen. 39)
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Interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh's butler and baker; eventually interpreted Pharaoh's dream of seven years of plenty and famine (Gen. 40–41)
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Pharaoh made him second in the land (vizier) (Gen. 41:40–44)
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Saved family from famine
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Prophesied of a latter-day seer with the same name (2 Ne. 3:6–21)
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Blessed by Jacob that he would be "a fruitful bough" and "The blessings of thy father have prevailed above the blessings of my progenitors unto the utmost bound of the everlasting hills: they shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his brethren" (Gen. 49:1, 22–26)
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Lehi and the Nephites were descendants (1 Ne. 5:14, Alma 10:3)
Archeology Article: Who was Joseph's Pharaoh?"
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JOSEPH II
יוסף – "May He Add"
Patriarch
≈ 590 BC
Israelite: Manassite: Nephite / Born in desert (1 Ne. 18:7)
Family Tree / Youngest son of Lehi & Sariah (1 Ne. 18:7) / Ancestor of Josephites II
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Blessed by father and taught the importance of his name (2 Ne. 3)
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Consecrated and ordained by Nephi as a priest and teacher with Jacob II (2 Ne. 5:26)
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JOSEPH III †
יוסף – "May He Add"
Carpenter
Israelite: Judahite / Lived in Nazareth
Family Tree / Son of Heli or Jacob IV / Descendant of David & Bathsheba (Luke 2:4) / Husband of Mary (Luke 1:27) / Father of Jesus (step), Joses, James III, Jude, Simon, & daughters
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2 / Guide to Scriptures
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Carpenter or stone builder (Matt. 13:55)
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Found out Mary, his espoused wife, was with child; planned to privately break off engagement; an angel appeared and explained; married her immediately (Matt. 1:18–25)
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Took Mary to his ancestral town of Bethlehem for Augustus' census and to pay taxes (Luke 2:1–4)
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Jesus was born; visited by shepherds (Luke 2:1–20)
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Took baby Jesus and Mary to the Temple to offer a sacrifice; Anna and Simeon prophesied (Luke 2:21–38)
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Visited by the Wise Men; warned by an angel to flee to Egypt to escape Herod's wrath; in another dream, angel told him to return to Israel; once in Israel, warned of God in a dream not to return to Judea; returned to Nazareth (Matt. 2:1–23)
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Went to Jerusalem every year for Passover (Luke 2:41); lost Jesus when He was 12 years old; after 3 days found Him teaching doctors in the Temple; Mary chided him saying, "thy father and I have sought thee" but Jesus corrected her use of the word father: "I must be about my Father's business"; still Jesus was "subject unto them" out of respect (Luke 2:41–52)
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Not mentioned again even though Mary and Jesus' siblings are (John 2:1–12; Matt. 12:46–50); assumed he died and Mary was a widow for some time
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JOSEPH SMITH Ω
יוסף – "May He Add"
Israelite: Ephraimite / Born in Sharon, VT
Son of Joseph Sr. & Lucy Mack Smith / Husband of Emma & others / Father of 11 children, only 5 lived to adulthood: Julia Murdock, Joseph III, Frederick Granger Williams, Alexander Hale, & David Hyrum
Wikipedia / Guide to Scriptures
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At 14yo, desired to know which church to join; prayed; visited by God the Father and Jesus Christ in the Sacred Grove (JS–H 1:15–20)
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At 17yo, visited by Angel Moroni and told of gold plates; four years received the plates and translated them into the Book of Mormon
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With Oliver Cowdery, was visited by John the Baptist, Peter, James, and John to receive the Aaronic and Melchizedek priesthoods
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Published the Book of Mormon in Palmyra, NY
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Organized The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on April 6, 1830, a restoration of Christ's original church
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Built and dedicated the Kirtland Temple where he was given more keys of the priesthood from Moses, Elijah, and Elias (D&C 110)
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Restored Temple ordinances
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Martyred June 27, 1844 with his brother Hyrum in Carthage Jail, Illinois
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JOSEPHUS
יוסף – "May He Add"
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim
Family Tree / Son of Matthias / Descendant of Maccabees through Jonathan Apphus
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Military leader during the Jewish-Roman wars; many consider him a traitor to the Jews for surrendering and siding with the Romans
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Was granted Roman citizenship; became an advisor to Titus and translated for him during the siege of Jerusalem in 70 AD
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Recorded the siege of Masada
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Wrote extensive histories of the Jews for the Romans (Josephus); provided an independent extra-biblical historical source for many events in the Bible
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JOSHUA (OSHEA) Ω ○
יהושע – "The Lord Will Save"
JOSHUA II (JESHUA) ■
יהושע – "The Lord Will Save"
Israelite: Ephraimite / Born in Egypt (probably Goshen)
Family Tree / Son of Nun
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Fought the Amalekites (Ex. 17:13–14)
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Led the twelve men to spy the land of Canaan; only he and Caleb II gave a good report; allowed to live to enter the land (Num. 13–14)
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Successor of Moses
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Led Israelite conquest of Canaan (Josh.)
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The Jewish Midrash claims he married Rahab of Jericho while the New Testament seems to imply she married Salmon (Matt. 1:5)
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Lived to 110 years old; buried in Timnath-serah (Josh. 24:29–30; Judg 2:8–9)
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Name is Hebrew version of "Jesus"
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim
Family Tree / Son of Jehozadak / Father of Joiakim (Ezra 3:2)
Wikipedia
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High Priest during the Second Temple building and return of the Jews to Jerusalem
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Zechariah III had a vision telling him to walk in obedience so he could govern in the Temple (Zech. 3:6–10)
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With Zerubbabel, obeyed Haggai and the voice of the Lord to begin work on the Temple (Hag. 1)
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JOSIAH † ♦
יאשיה – "Despair of Jehovah"
≈ b. 648 – d. 609 BC (reigned 640 – 609 BC)
Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem
Family Tree / Son of Amon & Jedidah (2 Kgs. 22:1) / Husband of Zebudah & Hamutal / Father of Johanan, Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, & Jehoahaz III / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:10)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures
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With the help of Hilkiah, made religious reformations; restored the Temple; destroyed idols; celebrated Passover
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Book of the law found in the Temple (2 Kgs. 22)
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Killed at the Battle of Megiddo with Pharaoh Necho II, bringing Israel under Egyptian rule for the first time since the Exodus (2 Kgs. 23)
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JOTHAM II † ♦
יותם – "Jehovah is Perfect"
Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem
Family Tree / Son of Uzziah & Jerushah (2 Kgs. 15:32) / Father of Ahaz / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:9)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2
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Reigned at 25yo for 16 years
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Defeated the Ammonites (2 Chr. 27:5)
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JUDAH †
יהודה – "Praised"
≈ 1745 BC
Israelite: Judahite / Born in Haran / Lived in Canaan / Died in Egypt
Family Tree / Fourth son of Jacob & Leah (Gen. 29:35) / Father of Er, Onan, Shelah, Pharez, Zerah / Ancestor of Judahites & the kings / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:2)
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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JUDAHITES (TRIBE OF JUDAH)
יהודה –"Praised"
One of the Twelve Tribes
Israelite: Judahite / Territory was in Judea and included Bethlehem and Hebron; bordered Jerusalem (see map)
Family Tree / Descendants of Judah / Famous people include David and the kings of Judah, Isaiah, Daniel, Mulekites, and Jesus
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures
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Blessed by Jacob that "thy brethren shall praise: thy hand shall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father’s children shall bow down before thee. Judah is a lion’s whelp...The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be..." (Gen. 49:8–12); and by Moses that Hear, Lord, the voice of Judah, and bring him unto his people: let his hands be sufficient for him; and be thou an help to him from his enemies" (Deu. 33:7).
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Sided with Rehoboam after the division to form the Southern Kingdom of Judah
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Will return to their lands in Israel (D&C 109:64)
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JUDAS ISCARIOT Ω
יהודה / Ιουδας – "Praised"
JUDAS MACCABAEUS ○
יהודה / Ιουδας – "Praised"
Israelite: Jewish / The only apostle not from Galilee
Family Tree / Son of Simon
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2 / Guide to Scriptures
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Ordained as one of the original 12 apostles (Mark 3:14–19)
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Keeper of the bag; bothered at the expense of Mary II anointing Jesus (John 12:1–8)
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Satan entered into him (Luke 22:3)
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Betrayed Jesus to the Chief Priests for 30 pieces of silver; tried to return the money; cast it down in the Temple; hung himself (Matt. 27:3–10)
Leader of Maccabees
≈ 167 BC
Israelite: Levite: Kohanim: Jehoairib
Family Tree / Son of Mattathias
Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1
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JUDE (JUDAS II)
יהודה / Ιουδας – "Praised"
Author of Jude
Israelite: Judahite / From Nazareth
Family Tree / Son of Mary & Joseph III (Matt. 13:55) / Brother of Jesus
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Probably at Cana for miracle of water to wine; afterward went to Capernaum (John 2:12)
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Stood outside house, waiting to speak to Jesus (Matt. 12:46)
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Mentioned as Jesus' brother in His rejection at Nazareth (Matt. 13:55)
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Gathered with disciples at Pentecost (Acts 1:14)
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Probably wrote the book of Jude