​SADDUCEES ○​

Mostly descended from Zadok

Controlled the Temple; collected taxes
Held significant power on the Sanhedrin
Denied the resurrection but still asked Jesus about it (Mark 12:18)
Matt. 3:7

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+ SALOME II

שלומית / Σαλωμη – " Peace"

+ SALOME III

שלומית / Σαλωμη – " Peace"

Disciple

≈ 30 AD

Israelite: Levite? / From Galilee

Family Tree / Wife of Zebedee / Mother of James & John

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2

Ministered to Jesus, was at the cross, and anointed His body for burial (Mark 15:40-41)
Angel appeared and told her and other women that Christ was risen

Princess of Judea

≈ 30 AD

Herodian

Family Tree / Daughter of Herod II & Herodias / Step-daughter of Herod Antipas / Wife of Philip I

Danced at the request of her mother for step-father; she requested head of John the Baptist (Matt. 14:3–11)

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SAM

שם – "Heard"

Nephite

≈ 606 BC

Israelite: Manassite: Nephite / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Third son of Lehi & Sariah (1 Ne. 2:5)

Believed the words of Nephi and Lehi; a righteous follower of the Lord (1 Ne. 2:17)
Blessed by Lehi (2 Ne 4:11)

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SAMARITANS

שומרונים – "Guardians"

Group/tribe from Samaria

≈ 720 BC – Present

Samaritan / From Samaria

Descendants of a mix of Northern Tribes of Israel (primarily Ephraim & Manasseh) and other Mesopotamians / Famous people include the woman at the well and Herod Archelaus and Herod Antipas who were half-Samaritan

After the majority of the 10 tribes were carried away captive, Shalmaneser V brought in people from Mesopotamia; they intermarried and became the Samaritans; they kept many of the same Jewish beliefs, but Jews rejected them and went out of their way to avoid them (2 Kgs. 17:24–41)
Weren't allowed to worship at the Temple in Jerusalem, so they built their own temple on Mt Gerizim around the 5th century BC; John Hyrcanus later destroyed it in 110 BC
Jesus spent time in Samaria and spoke to woman at well; many believed Him (John 4:1–43); they later rejected Him (Luke 9:52)
Jesus used them in teachings, see the parable of Good Samaritan (Luke 10:33)
Of the 10 lepers Jesus healed, only the Samaritan returned to give thanks (Luke 17:16)
Philip III preached and converted many (Acts 8)
There are 800-900 living today; most live in Israel on Mt. Gerizim; their religion today is similar to Judaism

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SAMSON ○

שמשון – "Of the Sun"

Judge of Israel

≈ 1060 BC

Israelite: Danite / Born in Zorah

Family Tree / Son of Manoah and unnamed mother / Husband of Philistine wife

Judged Israel for 20 years (Judg. 15:20)
Mother was unable to conceive; then she was promised a son who would deliver Israel
Slew a lion with his bare hands
Married a Philistine; told the people a riddle; his wife begged the answer from him and told the others; he slew 30 men; she was given to another; he burned their village; they burned her and her father (Judg. 14–15)
He killed many Philistines in Lehi (Judg. 15)
Slept with a harlot at Gaza; escaped with the doors of the gate of the city
Loved Delilah from the valley of Sorek; Philistines convinced her to find out where he got his strength; when he finally told her it was from his uncut hair, she had it shaved in his sleep; Philistines bound him and gouged out his eyes; once his hair grew, he regained his strength; pulled down two pillars and killed 3,000 people with himself (Judg. 16)

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SAMUEL Ω ○

שמואל – "Heard of God"

Judge & Prophet

≈ 1070 – 1012 BC

Israelite: Levite: Korahite (1 Chr. 6:22. 28) / From Ramah

Family Tree / Son of Elkanah & Hannah / Descendant of Korah II / Father of Joel & Abiah

Mother was barren; prayed at the Tabernacle in Shiloh for a son who she promised to give to the Lord; Eli blessed her, and Samuel was born (1 Sam. 1)
Once weaned, he lived with Eli at the Tabernacle and ministered to the Lord
While still a child, heard the voice of the Lord calling to him in the night; told that Eli's family would no longer run the priesthood because of wickedness (1 Sam. 3)
All Israel knew he was a prophet (1 Sam. 3:19–21)
Asked Israel to stop worshipping Baalim and Ashtaroth (1 Sam. 7)
His sons were wicked judges of Israel; the people asked for a king; the Lord agreed to give them a king (1 Sam. 8); Samuel anointed Saul to be Israel's first king (1 Sam. 9–10)
When Saul offered a sacrifice without the priesthood, Samuel and the Lord reproved him; told him he would be removed as king (1 Sam. 13, 15)
Went to Bethlehem; chose David out of Jesse's eight sons to become the next king (1 Sam. 16)
Died at Ramah (1 Sam. 25:1)

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SAMUEL THE LAMANITE Ω

שמואל – "Heard of God"

≈ 6 BC

Israelite: Lamanite

Wikipedia / Guide to the Scriptures

Prophesied to the Nephites; called them to repentance
Prophesied of the coming of Jesus Christ, including signs of His birth and death; some believe and were baptized; some tried to shoot him with arrows; he jumped from the wall and fled (Hel. 13–16)
Jesus chided the Nephites for not writing Samuel's words; commanded them to write his words (3 Ne. 23:9–13)

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SANHEDRIN (CHIEF RULERS) ○

סנהדרין / Συνέδριον – "Assembly"

Jewish Senate

≈ 57 BC – 425 AD

Some positions were hereditary

Governing body in Israel and Judea
The central government in Jerusalem was made up of the High Priest plus 70 elders; local governments had 23 elders
Included the High Priest, Chief Priests, Pharisees, Sadducees, Scribes, & others
Met in the Temple every day except holy days

Gamaliel counseled moderation with Peter & John's arrest (Acts 5:34)

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+ SARAH (SARAI) †

שרה – "Princess"

Matriarch

≈ 1983 – 1856 BC

Mesopotamian / From Ur of Chaldees / Born in Ur of Chaldees / Lived in Haran / Died in Hebron

Family Tree / Probably the daughter of Haran (Iscah?) / Granddaughter or daughter of Terah / Wife of Abraham / Mother of Isaac / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:2)

Barren for many years (Gen. 11:29)
Pharaoh desired her because of her beauty (Gen. 12:11–20)
Visited by holy men who prophesy of Isaac's birth; she laughed at the possibility of conceiving in her old age (Gen. 18)
Mother of Isaac at 90 years old (Gen. 21:2)
Sent Hagar and Ishmael away after they mocked her and Isaac (Gen. 21:9–21)
Lived to 127 years old (Gen. 23:1–2)

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SARGON II ♦

סרגון / 𒈗𒁺 – "Faithful King"

≈ b.770 – d.705 BC (reigned 722 – 705 BC)

Assyrian / From Dur-Sharrukin

Family Tree / Son of Tiglath-Pileser III? / Husband of Ra'ima & Atalia / Father of Sennacherib and others

Possibly killed Shalmaneser V to become king
Solidified Assyrian control of the Levant; claimed to have resettled 27,000 Israelites in Assyria; renamed Samaria to Samerina
Sent Tartan to Ashdod (Isa. 20:1)

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+ SARIAH

שריה – "Princess of Jehovah"

Matriarch

≈ 606 BC

Israelite: Nephite / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Wife of Lehi / Mother of Laman, Lemuel, Sam, Nephi, Jacob II, Joseph II, and daughters

Left Jerusalem with her family (1 Ne. 2:5); gave birth to Jacob II and Joseph II in the wilderness (1 Ne. 18:7)
Murmured about her sons having to go back to Jerusalem (1 Ne. 5:1–7)

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SATAN

שטן – "Adversary"

Wanted all glory for himself in the premoral council; rebelled against God (Moses 4)
An enemy of God and His children
Seeks that all men might be miserable like unto himself

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SAUL ♦

שאול – "Asked For"

≈ 1032 – 1012 BC

Israelite: Benjaminite / From Gibeah

Family Tree / Son of Kish (1 Sam. 9:1) / Father of Jonathan, Michal, & Ish-bosheth & others

Tall of stature (1 Sam. 9:2)
Israelites wanted a king; Samuel anointed to him (1 Sam. 9;16, 10:1)
Rescued the Israelites in Jabesh-Gilead from the Ammonites (1 Sam. 11)
Offered a sacrifice without the priesthood; reproved by Samuel and told the kingship would be taken from him (1 Sam. 13, 15)
An evil spirit overtook him; sought a musician to ease his nerves; David played the harp for him (1 Sam. 16:14–23)
Goliath the Giant wanted to fight; Saul and the Israelites refused; David offered; Saul gave him his armor, but David refused and defeated Goliath and brought Saul Goliath's head (1 Sam. 17)
Gave David his daughter Michal to wife
Saul made David a leader over the army; became jealous of David's success and tried to kill him many times; hunted him through the deserts; David spared his life twice (1 Sam. 18–26)
Asked the Witch of Endor for a prophecy; she told him of his and his sons' upcoming deaths and defeat (1 Sam. 28)
Wounded by the Philistines; fell on his own sword so they wouldn't kill him; his sons were also killed at Mt. Gilboa; Philistines hung their bodies in Beth-Shean (1 Sam. 31)

SAUL II Ω

שאול – "Asked For"

see Paul

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SAVIOR †Ω■♦

מושיע

see Jesus Christ

SCRIBES

סופרים – "To count"

Copiers of manuscripts

≈ 1040 BC – 70 AD

Israelite: many were Levite (2 Chr. 34:13) | Famous people include Ezra

Some were called lawyers because they were experts on the Law of Moses; some served on the Great Sanhedrin
2 Sam. 8:17
Jesus often called out their hypocrisy for being "experts" on the law of Moses but not living it themselves

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SEER Ω

הראה – "One Who Sees"

≈ 4000 BC – Present

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures

A revelator and a prophet (Mosiah 8:16; 1 Sam. 9:9)
Samuel called a seer (1 Sam. 9); also Amos, Gad II, Hanani, Iddo, and others (1 Chr. 21:9; 2 Chr. 12:15; 16:7)
The Lord told Enoch to anoint eyes with clay to see; beheld things which weren't visible to the natural eye (Moses 6:35–38)

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SENNACHERIB ♦

סנחריב / 𒀭𒌍𒉽𒈨𒌍𒋢 – "Sîn Has Replaced the Brothers"

≈ b.745 – d. 681 BC (reigned 705 – 681 BC)

Assyrian / Born in Nimrud / Died in Nineveh

Family Tree / Son of Sargon II / Father of Esarhaddon

Wikipedia / Jewish Encyclopedia-2

Attacked the walled cities of Judea (2 Kgs. 18:13); Hezekiah of Judah paid him tribute money (2 Kgs. 18:14)
Sent Tartan, Rabsaris, and Rabshakeh to besiege Jerusalem (2 Kgs. 18:17); Rabshakeh taunted Hezekiah and the Jews in Hebrew so they could understand; 185,000 of Sennacherib's soldiers were killed in one night after Hezekiah and Isaiah prayed for deliverance (2 Kgs. 18:27–19:35)
Defeated Merodach-Baladan of Babylon
Killed by his own sons Adrammelech (Arda-Mulissu) and Sharezer (Nabu-shar-usur) (2 Kgs. 19:37); a younger son, Esarhaddon, reigned after him

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SERAIAH ■

שריה – "Jehovah Retains"

SETH †

שת – "Appointed"

High Priest

≈ 600 BC

Israelite: Levite / From Jerusalem / Died in Riblah

Family Tree / Son of Azariah VI / Father of Jehozadak / Ancestor of Ezra

Killed with other leaders by Nebuchadnezzar II in Riblah after the fall of Jerusalem (2 Kgs. 25:18–21)

≈ 3870 – 2958 BC

Family Tree / Son of Adam & Eve (Gen. 4:26) / Father of Enos / Ancestor of Jesus

Righteous like his brother Abel (Moses 6:3)

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Leaders

≈ 34 AD – Present

Famous people include Stephen and Philip III

Grecians complained that their widows were neglected; the apostles chose seven men to help in the work (Acts 6)
Sometimes called "Seven Deacons"

SEVEN LEADERS (DEACONS)

SEVENTY ELDERS

שבעים זקנים

Group of 70 leaders

≈ 1500 BC – Present

Israelite

Guide to Scriptures

70 nations are named as descendants of Noah (Gen. 10)
70 men called to serve the Kingdom of God throughout many dispensations, including: under Moses (Num. 11:16-30) the Great Sanhedrin, those appointed by Jesus, and the modern-day Quorum of the Seventy

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SHADRACH (HANANIAH)

שדרך – "Command of Aku"

Noble or royal of Judah

≈ 605 BC

Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem / Taken to Babylon

Family Tree / Descendant of Judah royalty / Friend of Daniel, Meshach, and Abed-nego

One of the young royals carried away to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar (Dan. 1:3–4)
Refused the king's meat and wine (Dan. 1:5–17)
Thrown with friends in fiery furnace for not worshiping idol (Dan. 3)

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SHALLUM ♦

שלום – "Retribution"

≈ 752 BC (reigned for 1 month)

Israelite: Manassite: Gileadite

Family Tree / Son of Jabesh

High Priest (1 Chr. 6:12)

Killed Zachariah of Israel to become king (2 Kgs. 15:10)
Reigned for only 1 month in Samaria (2 Kgs. 15:13)
Killed by Menahem of Israel (2 Kgs. 15:14)

SHALLUM II ■

שלום – "Retribution"

≈ 670 BC

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-6

Family Tree / Son of Zadok II /

Father of Hilkiah

SHALLUM III †♦

שלום – "Retribution"

see Jehoahaz III

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SHALMANESER V ♦

שלמנאסר / 𒁹𒀭𒁲𒈠𒉡𒊕 – ""Salmanu is Foremost"

≈ 727 – 722 BC

Assyrian / From Nimrud

Family Tree / Son of Tiglath-Pileser III / Brother of Sargon II / Father of some

Warred against Israel and Phoenicia
After a siege of Samaria for 3 years, conquered the Northern Kingdom of Israel and carried the ten tribes captive to Assyria (2 Kgs. 17:3)

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SHAMGAR ○

שמגר – "Sword"

SHECHEM

שכם – "Shoulder"

Judge of Israel

≈ 1270 BC

Israelite: Naphtalite?

Family Tree / Son of Anath

Killed 600 Philistines with an oxgoad (Judg. 3:31)

Prince of Shechem

≈ 1650 BC

Canaanite: Hivite / From Shechem

Family Tree / Son of Hamor the Hivite

Defiled and wanted to marry Dinah (Gen. 34:4)
Simeon and Levi killed him and others for defiling their sister (Gen. 34:25)

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SHEM (MELCHIZEDEK?) †Ω

שם – "Name"

≈ 2452 - 1842 BC

Family Tree / Son of Noah (Gen. 5:32) /

Father of Arphaxad, Elam, Ashur, Lud, & Aram / Ancestor of Semitic peoples, including the Israelites-Hebrews, Arabs, Babylonians, Syrians, and Assyrians / Ancestor of Jesus (Luke 3:36)

One of eight saved on the ark (Gen. 6–9)
Covered his father in his drunkenness; Noah prophesied that Canaan would be a servant of Shem and that Japheth would dwell in the tents of Shem (Gen. 9:21:27)
Probably same person as Melchizedek

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SHISHAK (SHOSHENQ) ♦

שישק / ššnq

Pharaoh of Egypt

≈ 943 – 922 BC

Egyptian

Family Tree / Son of Nimlot A / Father of Osorkon I

Solomon wanted to kill Jeroboam who fled to Egypt and Shishak (1 Kgs. 11:40)
Attacked Rehoboam of Judah and Jerusalem; raided the Temple (2 Chr. 12:1–9)

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SIAMUN ♦

Pharaoh of Egypt

≈ 986 – 967 BC

Egyptian

Family Tree / Husband of Tahpenes / Father of unnamed Daughter / Possible father-in-law of Solomon

Solomon made "affinity" with Pharaoh, assumed to be Siamun (1 Kgs. 3:1)
Solomon married Pharaoh's daughter and built her a house (1 Kgs. 3:1; 7:8–12); burned Gezer and killed its inhabitants and gave it to his daughter
Hadad the Edomite fled to him in Egypt and married the pharaoh's sister

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SIMEON (SHIMON)

שמעון – "He Who Hears"

SIMEONITES (TRIBE OF SIMEON)

שמעון – "He Who Hears"

≈ 1747 BC

Israelite: Simeonite / Born in Haran / Lived in Canaan / Died in Egypt

Family Tree / Second son of Jacob & Leah (Gen. 29:33) /

Ancestor of Simeonites

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures

Joined with Levi in killing the Shechemites to save their sister Dinah (Gen. 34:25); Jacob condemned them, called them "instruments of cruelty are in their habitations. O my soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou united: for in their anger they slew a man, and in their selfwill they digged down a wall. Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel" (Gen. 49:5–7)
Joseph imprisoned him when their brothers came to Egypt (Gen.42:24, 36; 43:23)

One of the Twelve Tribes

≈ 1600 BC – Present

Israelite: Simeonite / Territory located within Judah's boundary and included Beersheba (see map); possible it was absorbed into Judah

Family Tree / Descendants of Simeon / Famous people include Zimri I & II

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures

Blessed by Jacob that "I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel" (Gen. 49:20) and their tribe was the only one not to receive a blessing by Moses" (Deu. 33)
Unknown if it joined the Northern Kingdom of Israel or if it became "lost" because it was absorbed into Judah
Many migrated to Judah under Asa's reign (2 Chr. 15:9)
Josiah of Judah broke down their groves (2 Chr. 34:6)

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SIMON BAR JONAH Ω

שמעון בר יונה– "He Who Hears"

see Peter

SIMON THASSI ■ ○

שמעון התסי – "He Who Hears"

SIMON THE ZEALOT Ω

שמעון / Σιμων – "He Who Hears"

High Priest & Ethnarch of Judea

≈ b.184 – d.135 BC (reigned 141 – 135 BC)

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim: Joiarib

Family Tree / Second son of Mattathias / Father of John Hyrcanus & others /

Ancestor of the Hasmonean Dynasty

Negotiated with the Seleucids for political autonomy, marking the beginning of Jewish independence (1 Macc. 2:1 )
Assassinated by his son-in-law, Ptolemy ben Abubus

Apostle

≈ 31 – 65 AD

Israelite: Zealot

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2 / Guide to Scriptures

Ordained as one of the original 12 apostles (Mark 3:14–19)
Tradition states he was martyred in Persia in 65 AD

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SO ♦

סוֹא

see Osorkon IV

SOLOMON (JEDIDIAH) † ♦

שלמה – "Recompense" or "Peaceable"

≈ 970 – 931 BC

Israelite: Judahite

Family Tree / Son of David & Bathsheba /Husband of 700 wives & 300 concubines (1 Kgs. 11:3) / Father of Rehoboam & others / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:6)

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary / Guide to Scriptures / Bible Maps

Older half-brother Adonijah tried to seize the throne as David's health failed; Bathsheba and the prophet Nathan convinced David to intervene; Zadok anointed Solomon king at the Gihon Springs in the City of David (1 Kgs. 1)
Loved the Lord at the beginning of his reign; Lord appeared to him in a dream; Solomon asked for wisdom; his wisdom exceeded all men; two women came claiming the same child; Solomon used his wisdom to discern the true mother (1 Kgs. 3)
Built the first Temple for the Lord; used timbers from Hiram of Tyre; all the building materials were of the best quality; the Ark of the Covenant was put in the Holy of Holies; offered the dedicatory prayer; the Lord appeared to him again to accept the house; warned to be obedient to the commandments (1 Kgs. 5–9)
He was wealthy and famous; the Queen of Sheba visited him (1 Kgs. 10)
Married non-Israelites who led him into idolatry; the Lord was displeased (1 Kgs. 11:1–8)
Put his servant Jeroboam over the house of Joseph but later wanted to kill him; Jeroboam fled to Egypt (1 Kgs. 11:26–40)

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SOUTHERN KINGDOM

see Kingdom of Judah

STEPHEN

סטפן / Στεφανος – "Corona"

One of Seven Leaders

≈ 34 – 35 AD

Described as "a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost" (Acts 6:5)
Testified of Jesus to the Sanhedrin and Caiaphas (Acts 6:12–7:53)
Stoned to death with Paul consenting (Acts 7:57–8:1)

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SYRIANS (ARAMEANS)

ארמים – "Elevated"

Tribe/group from Syria

≈ 2000 BC – Present

Syrian

Descendants of Aram son of Shem / Famous people include Ben-Hadad, Bethuel, Hazael, Laban, Naaman, and Rebekah

Often warred with Israelites (2 Sam. 8:5 )

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+ TAMAR †

תמר – "Palm Tree"

Matriarch

≈ 1720 BC

Married Judahites

Family Tree / Tradition states she was a descendant of Shem / Wife of Er & Onan /

Daughter-in-Law of Judah / Mother of Pharez & Zerah by Judah / Ancestors of Jesus

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-2

After first two husbands (sons of Judah) died, she waited to marry Judah's third son; after time passed, she disguised herself as a harlot and became pregnant by her father-in-law; when Judah found out she was pregnant but unmarried, he planned her death; she brought the staff, seal, and cord he had given her to prove his paternity; Judah released her; she gave birth to twins Pharez and Zerah (Gen. 38)

+ TAMAR II

תמר – "Palm Tree"

Princess of Israel

≈ 978 BC

Israelite and Geshurite Aramean

Family Tree / Daughter of David & Maacah IV /

Sister of Absalom

Half-brother Amnon desired her and raped her; Absalom felt David didn't fully punish him; Absalom eventually assassinated Amnon and rebelled against David (2 Sam. 13)

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TAHARQA (TIRHAKAH) ♦

תרהקה / 𒁹𒋻𒄣𒌑 – "Exalted"

Pharaoh of Egypt

≈ 690 – 664 BC

Egyptian

Family Tree / Son of Piye & Abar / Husband of several / Father of Amenirdis II

Marched against Assyrians (2 Kgs. 19:9)
Defeated Assyria in 674 BC but later conquered by Esarhaddon of Assyria in 671 BC and forced to flee; family captured; power passed between the two empires until Ashurbanipal appointed Necho I as vassal ruler of Egypt

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TERAH †

תרח – "Wanderer"

≈ 2100 BC

Assyrian? / From Ur of Chaldees / Lived in Haran (Gen. 11:31)

Family Tree / Son of Nahor / Father of Haran, Nahor II, and Abraham

Worshipped idols; tried to sacrifice Abraham to false gods; repented (Abr. 1)
Left the Ur of Chaldees with sons and moved to Haran; died there (Gen. 11:31–32)
Returned to idolatry (Abr. 2:5)

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THADDAEUS LEBBAEUS (JUDAS III) Ω

Θαδδαιος Λεββαιος – "Courageous Heart"

Apostle

≈ 31 – 65 AD

Called as one of the original 12 apostles (Matt. 10:3)
Tradition states he was martyred in Perisa

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THOMAS DIDYMUS Ω

תאומא / Θωμας Διδυμος – "Twin"

Apostle

≈ 31 – 72 AD

Family Tree / Both "Thomas" (Hebrew) and "Didymus" (Greek) means "Twin"

Called as one of the original 12 apostles (Matt. 10:3)
Was willing do die with Jesus (John 11:16)
Asked Jesus "how can we know the way?" to which Jesus famously said, "I am the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:1–6)
Doubted Jesus' resurrection until He thrust he felt the wounds (John 20:24–29)
Tradition states he was speared to death in India around 72 AD

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TIBERIUS CAESAR ♦

Τιβεριας – "Dark Lord"

Emperor of Rome

≈ b. 42 BC – d. 37 AD (reigned 14 – 37 AD)

Roman / From Rome

Family Tree / Son of Tiberius Claudius Nero / Adopted son of Augustus

John the Baptist preaches in Tiberius' 15th year (Luke 3:1)

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TIBNI ♦

תבני – "My Building"

≈ 885 – 880 BC

Israelite: Ephraimite?

Family Tree / Son of Ginath / Brother of Joram

After Zimri of Israel's suicide, half the people followed Tibni, half followed Omri; this division seems to have lasted around four years (1 Kgs. 16:15, 23); Omrites prevailed and he died (1 Kings 16:21–22)

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TIGLATH-PILESER III (PUL) ♦

תגלת פלאסר / 𒆪𒋾𒀀𒂍𒈗𒊏 – "My Trust is in the Son of Ashur"

≈ b. 795 – d. 727 BC (reigned 745 – 727 BC)

Assyrian / From Nimrud

Family Tree / Son of Adad-nirari / Husband of Iaba / Father of Shalmaneser V & Sargon II

Invaded Israel; forced Menahem to pay tribute
2 Kgs. 15:19
Started capture and deportation of the northern 10 tribes
Helped Ahaz of Judah against Pekah of Israel & Rezin of Syria

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TIMOTHY

Τιμοθεος – "Honoring God"

Companion of Paul

≈ 50 – 97 AD

Greek / From Lystra

Son of Greek father and Jewish mother Eunice (Acts 16:1) / Grandson of Lois (2 Tim. 1)

Paul called him his own "son in the faith"
One of Paul's most trusted companions and is mentioned often

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TIRHAKAH ♦

see Taharqa

TITUS II

Τιτος

Companion of Paul

≈ 63 – 96 AD

Greek / From Crete

Attended the Jerusalem Conference (Gal. 2:1)
Paul wrote the Epistle of Titus to him (Titus 1:4)
Delivered Paul's epistle to the Corinthians (2 Cor. 7)
Accompanied Paul on his third missionary journey
Preached in Dalmatia (2 Tim. 4:10)
Tradition states he died on Crete as a bishop

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TWELVE TRIBES OF ISRAEL (ISRAELITES) †

שנים עשר שבטי ישראל

12 Sons of Jacob & their descendants

≈ 1650 BC – Present

Israelites

Family Tree / Descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob-Israel / Tribes are Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph (Ephraim, Manasseh), Benjamin / Ancestors of Jesus (Matt. 1:2)

Wikipedia / Guide to Scriptures / Bible Maps

They lived united from the time of Egypt until the division of Rehoboam and Jeroboam; became the Southern Kingdom of Judah (tribes of Judah and Benjamin) and the Northern Kingdom of Israel (other 10 tribes)
Warned that they would be scattered among the nations (Lev. 26:33; Deu. 28:25; 1 Ne. 22:3–8); this began with the Assyrians in the 8th century BC; the Babylonians in the 6th century BC; the Ptolemies in the 3rd century BC; and finally the Romans in the 1st century AD
Promised they would be gathered in the last days (Isa. 54:7; Ezek. 28:25; Eph. 1:10) which is being fulfilled with the Restoration of the Gospel (D&C 39:11)

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URIAH (URIAS)

אוריה – "Jehovah is Light"

David's Mighty Man

≈ 980 BC

Hittite

Family Tree / First husband of Bathsheba (2 Sam. 11:3)

One of David's mighty men (2 Sam. 23:39; 1 Chr. 11:41)
Refused to leave when David tried to send him home to cover up Bathsheba's pregnancy; David sent him to the front lines where he was killed; Nathan condemned David for his murder

URIJAH (URIAH II) Ω

אוריה – "Jehovah is Light"

≈ 609 BC

Israelite / From Kirjath-jearim

Son of Shemaiah

Prophesied of the destruction of Jerusalem; fled to Egypt to escape Jehoiakim's wrath; Jehoiakim found and killed him anyway (Jer. 26:20-23)
Possible contemporary of Lehi mentioned by Nephi (1 Ne. 1:4)

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UZZIAH (AZARIAH III, OZIAS) † ♦

עזיה – "Strength of the Lord"

King of Judah

≈ b. 799 – d. 742 BC (reigned 783 – 742 BC)

Israelite: Judahite

Family Tree / Son of Amaziah & Jecoliah / Father of Jotham II / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:8)

Began reign at 16yo for 40 years (2 Kgs. 14:21)
Fought the Philistines (2 Chr. 26:6)
Had leprosy until his death (2 Kgs. 15:5)

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THE WISE MEN (MAGI)

μάγοι – "Wise Men"

Wise Men

≈ 1 BC

From the East (possibly Mesopotamia) (Matt. 2:1)

Followed the star to Bethlehem to worship Jesus
Met with Herod in Jerusalem who claimed he wanted to worship the baby also (Matt. 2:1–8)
Brought Jesus gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh; fell down and worshipped Him (Matt. 2:11)
Warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they returned home (Matt. 2:12); in a rage, Herod killed all the babies of Bethlehem 2yo and under (Matt. 2:16–18)

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XERXES (AHASUERUS?) ♦

𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 – "Ruling Over Heroes"

King of Persia (Achaemenid Empire) and Egypt

≈ b. 518 – d. 465 BC (reigned Oct. 486 – Aug. 465 BC)

Persian / From Susa/Shushan and Persepolis

Family Tree / Son of Darius the Great and Atossa / Possible husband of Esther (see Ahasuerus) / Father of Artaxerxes I

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ZACHARIAH (ZECHARIAH II) ♦

זכריה – "Jehovah Remembers"

≈ 752 BC (reigned 6 months)

Israelite: Reubenite

Family Tree / Son of Jeroboam II

Wicked king (2 Kgs. 15:9)
Killed by Shallum of Israel (2 Kgs. 15:10)

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ZACHARIAS II

זכריה / Ζαχαριας – "Jehovah Remembers"

Priest

≈ 3 BC

Israelite: Levite: Kohanim: Abijah / From the Judean Hill Country

Family Tree / Descendant of Eleazar and Abijah/Abia / Husband of Elisabeth / Father of John the Baptist

Belonged to the Abijah/Abia division of Temple service (Luke 1:5)
Angel appeared in temple and prophesied he would have a son; struck dumb for disbelief; restored to health once John was born (Luke 1)

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ZADOK ■

צדוק – "Righteous"

High Priest

≈ 990 BC

Israelite: Levite : Kohanim

Family Tree / Son of Ahitub (2 Sam. 8:17) / Father of Azariah & Ahimaaz II

High Priest during the reigns of David and Solomon
Served at Gibeon and the Tabernacle
Remained faithful to David during rebellion of Abiathar (1 Kgs. 1:8, 26) and took the Ark of the Covenant during Absalom's rebellion (2 Sam. 15:24–37)
Anointed Solomon as king with Nathan at the Gihon Spring in the City of David (1 Kgs. 1:32–40)

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King of Mulekites

≈ 180 BC

Israelite: Judahite: Mulekite / From Zarahemla

Merged with Nephites and Mosiah to form one people (Omni 1:14–18)

ZARAHEMLA ♦

ZARAHEMLA, PEOPLE OF

see Mulekites

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ZEALOTS (ZELOTES)

קנאים (kana'im) / Ζηλωτης – "Hot Head"

Group of Jews against Rome

≈ 6 – 70 AD

Famous people include Judas of Gamala and Simon the Zealot

Hated the Romans and resisted any foreign power in Israel
Simon the apostle called "Zelotes" (Luke 6:15)

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ZEBEDEE

זבדיה / Ζεβεδαιος – "Gift of Jehovah"

Disciple

≈ 10 BC

Israelite: Levite? / From Galilee

Family Tree / Husband of Salome II / Father of James & John (Mark 1:19)

Ran a fishing business on the Sea of Galilee; sons left to follow Jesus (Mark 1:19–20)

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ZEBULUN

זבלון – "Instance of Exaltation"

ZEBULUNITES (TRIBE OF ZEBULUN)

זבלון – "Instance of Exaltation"

≈ 1742 BC

Israelite: Zebulunite / Born in Haran / Lived in Canaan / Died in Egypt

Family Tree / Youngest son of Jacob & Leah (Gen. 30:20) / Ancestor of Zebulunites

One of the Twelve Tribes

≈ 1600 BC – Present

Israelite: Zebulunite / Territory was located west of the Sea of Galilee and possibly included part of the Jezreel Valley (see map)

Family Tree / Descendants of Zebulun (Gen. 49:13) / Famous people include Elon II, Ibzan, and possibly Jonah

Blessed by Jacob that they "shall dwell at the haven of the sea; and he shall be for an haven of ships; and his border shall be unto Zidon" (Gen. 49:13) and by Moses to "Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out" (Deu. 33:18)
Fought with Deborah II and Barak (Judg. 4)
Helped Gideon defeat the Midianites (Judg. 6:35–8:21)
Joined the Northern Kingdom of Israel
Some worshipped at Hezekiah's Passover (2 Chr. 30:10–18)
Majority carried away captive by Assyrians in 722 BC; one of the "Lost 10 tribes" (2 Kgs. 17)

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ZECHARIAH

זכריה – "Jehovah Remembers"

≈ 783 BC

Family Tree / Son of Jehoiada

Censured the people; Jehoash of Judah who ordered him stoned to death in the court of the Temple (2 Chr. 24:20–22)
Mentioned by Jesus (Matt. 23:35)

ZECHARIAH II ♦

זכריה – "Jehovah Remembers"

see Zachariah

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ZECHARIAH III (ZACHARIAS I) Ω

זכריה – "Jehovah Remembers"

≈ 520 – 518 BC

Son of Berechiah

Contemporary of Haggai (Ezra 5:1)
Author of the Book of Zechariah which has a series of visions of the future people of God and the Messiah's Coming (Zech. 1)

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ZEDEKIAH (MATTANYAHU) ♦

צדקיה – "Jehovah is Righteous"

Last King of Judah

≈ b. 618 – d. after 586 BC (reigned 597 – 586 BC)

Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem / Died in Babylon

Family Tree / Son of Josiah & Hamutal / Grandson of Jeremiah of Libnah (2 Kgs. 24:18) / Father of Mulek & others

Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon removed Jeconiah as king; made Mattaniah king and changed his name to Zedekiah
Began reign at 21yo and reigned 11 years (2 Kgs. 24:18)
Many prophets prophesied during the first year of his reign to warn Jerusalem (1 Ne. 1:4)
Jeremiah warned him and was imprisoned (Jer. 21; 32; 34; 37–39)
Rebelled against Babylon (2 Kgs. 24:20); Nebuchadnezzar besieged Jerusalem until it was destroyed, including the Temple (2 Kgs. 24:20)
Sons were killed before him (except Mulek; see Hel. 8:21) and they put out his eyes; taken captive to Babylon (2 Kgs. 25:7)

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ZENIFF ♦

King of Nephites

≈ 200 BC

Israelite: Nephite / From Zarahemla

Family Tree / Father of Noah II and others (Mosiah 11:1)

Led group of Nephites back to the Land of Nephi and became their king (Mosiah 9)
Covenanted with the King Laman to live in peace (Mosiah 9:6); Lamanites went back on covenant; he prevailed over them (Mosiah 10)

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ZEPHANIAH II Ω

צפניה – "The Lord Hides"

≈ 624 BC

Israelite: Judahite / From Jerusalem

Family Tree / Son of Cushi / Descendant of Hezekiah

Wikipedia / Bible Dictionary-1 / Guide to Scriptures

Prophesied during the reign of Josiah (Zeph. 1)
Wrote the Book of Zephaniah

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ZERUBBABEL (SHESHBAZZAR) †○

זרבבל – "Born in Babylon"

Governor of Judea

≈ 539 – 520 BC

Israelite: Judahite / Born in Babylon / Rebuilt Jerusalem

Family Tree / Son of Salathiel or Pedaiah / Grandson of Jeconiah / Father of Abiud, Rhesa, & others / Ancestor of Jesus (Matt. 1:12)

After Cyrus of Persia's decree, appointed Governor (Ezra 1:8)
Made altar in Jerusalem and rebuilt the Temple, often called the Second Temple or the Temple of Zerubbabel (Ezra 3–5)

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ZEUS

Ζευσ – "God"

see Baal

+ ZILPAH

זלפה – "A Drop"

Matriarch

≈ 1768 BC

Israelite / From Haran / Lived in Canaan

Family Tree / Handmaid of Leah / Wife-concubine of Jacob / Mother of Gad & Asher

Leah gave her to Jacob as a wife to have children (Gen. 30:9)

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ZIMRI II ♦

זמרי – "Song of Jehovah"

≈ 885 BC (reigned for 7 days)

Israelite: Simeonite?

Commander of Elah of Israel (1 Kgs. 16:9)
When Elah was drunk, killed him and later his entire family Tirzah
(1 Kgs. 16:9–13)
Shortest reign for king of Israel of 7 days
When people heard he had murdered Elah, they proclaimed Omri king instead; he killed himself in a palace fire (1 Kgs. 16:18)
After his death, the Israelites were divided over their next king; half chose Tibni, but the army chose Omri (1 Kgs. 16:15–22)

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+ ZIPPORAH

צפרה – "Bird"

Matriarch

≈ 1480 BC

Midianite / From Midian

Family Tree / Daughter of Jethro (Ex. 2:21) / Wife of Moses / Mother of Gershom & Eliezer